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| 巴西国王佩德罗一世（Pedro I，1798——1934） | ||||||||||||||||||
| 巴西联邦共和国国旗国歌 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 巴西独立后的第一首国歌，是由佩德罗一世亲自创作的。在1822年9月7日宣告巴西独立的当天，创作了《啊祖国，啊皇帝，啊人民》的歌曲，并亲自在当晚圣保罗的爱国集会上演唱，由合唱队伴唱，这首歌成为巴西的第一首国歌。佩德罗一世退位后，里约热内卢国立音乐学院的创办者，著名音乐家弗朗西斯科·达席尔瓦谱写出一首后来成为巴西国歌的歌曲。 | ||||||||||||||||||
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音乐历史上的今天
1822年9月7日，在晚上五点半到九点之间，巴西国王佩德罗一世（Pedro
I，1798——1934）谱写了一首国歌，以庆祝巴西脱离葡萄牙独立，被传唱了近一百年。四年以后，当佩德罗一世成为葡萄牙国王时，他把这首国歌移植到里斯本，在那里也被用了84年。 |
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| 巴西国王佩德罗一世（Pedro I ） | ||||||||||||||||||
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佩德罗·德·阿坎塔拉·弗兰的简要生平
佩德罗·德alcantara弗朗西斯科·安东尼奥·joao·卡洛斯亲王 （二） 西普里亚诺·塞拉菲姆·德braganca
e波旁于1798年10月12日出生在葡萄牙奎鲁兹宫，是当时的摄政王D. joao(后来的D. joao六世)和西班牙公主D. Carlota
Joaquina de波旁的儿子。
1807年11月，佩德罗九岁时，由于拿破仑军队入侵葡萄牙的威胁，葡萄牙王室和整个宫廷经过长时间的准备，搬到了里约热内卢。 王子接受了精心的古典教育，不是因为政治事件而正式完成的，而是通过良好的自学。他会弹钢琴、长笛、巴松管、长号、小提琴、单簧管、吉他、龙度和大键琴，还擅长绘画、平版印刷和雕塑。他的父亲是一名木匠和机械师。除了艺术，他最大的爱好是骑马和打猎。 1816年，佩德罗的祖母玛丽亚一世女王去世，他的父亲约翰六世即位为葡萄牙国王，佩德罗成为葡萄牙、巴西和阿尔加维斯联合王国的王储，因此是王位的直接继承人。 |
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Brief Life History of Pedro
de Alcântara Francisco Antônio João Carlos Xavier de Paula Miguel Rafael
Joaquim José Gonzaga O Infante D. Pedro de Alcântara Francisco Antônio João Carlos Xavier de Paula Miguel Rafael Joaquim José Gonzaga Pascoal Cipriano Serafim de Bragança e Bourbon nasceu no Palácio de Queluz, Portugal, no dia 12 de outubro de 1798, sendo filho do então Príncipe Regente D. João, futuro D. João VI de Portugal, e da Infanta da Espanha D. Carlota Joaquina de Bourbon. Quando D. Pedro tinha 9 anos, em novembro de 1807, devido à ameaça da invasão de Portugal por tropas napoleônicas, a Família Real portuguesa e toda a Corte se transferiu para o Rio de Janeiro, após longo período de preparação. O Príncipe recebeu esmerada educação clássica, completada não formalmente devido aos acontecimentos políticos, mas por ser um bom autodidata. Sabia tocar piano, flauta, fagote, trombone, violino, clarinete, violão, lundu e cravo, e desempenhava com destreza a pintura, litografia e escultura. Eram também notáveis suas habilidades braçais como marceneiro e mecânico. Suas grandes paixões, além das artes, eram a equitação e a caça. Com o falecimento da avó, a Rainha D. Maria I, e a aclamação de seu pai, D. João VI, como Rei de Portugal, D. Pedro ascendeu, em 1816, a Príncipe Real do Reino Unido de Portugal, Brasil e Algarves e portanto herdeiro direto ao trono. |
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Today in the
history of music On September 7, 1822, between 5:30 and 9 p.m., King Pedro I of Brazil (1798-1934) composed a national anthem to celebrate Brazil's independence from Portugal that was sung for nearly a hundred years.Four years later, when Pedro I became King of Portugal, he transplanted the anthem to Lisbon, where it was also used for 84 years. Pedro I (October 12, 1798 -- September 24, 1834), full name:Pedro DE Alcantara, francesco Antonio Joao, Carlos Xavier DE Paula Miguel if Rafael arkin, Jose Gonzaga, pass library, chip in the northrop grumman sierra fimm DE braganca - bourbon (Pedro DE Alcantara Francisco Antonio Joao Carlos Xavier DE Paula Miguel Rafael Joaquim Jose Gonzaga PascoalCipriano Serafim DE Braganca e Bourbon, born in Lisbon, Portugal, was the first emperor of Brazil (12 October 1822 -- 7 April 1831), father of the nation, called pedro I, 10 solstice on 28 May 1826 concurrent king of Portugal, called pedro iv, returned to Europe in 1831, died of illness in Portugal in 1834.It is also known as O Rei-Soldado, O Rei-imperador, or O Libertador. Today's video: 1.National anthem of the Federal Republic of Brazil, composed by Pedro I; 2. National Anthem of the Brazilian Empire. |
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巴西皇帝佩德罗一世的一生 |
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佩德罗一世的一生集国王皇帝将军公爵于一身。 人生虽然不那么长但是经历绝对丰富 早年（讲佩德罗就不得不说说他的父亲和当时的欧洲还有巴西了） 佩德罗一世（Pedro I，1798年10月12日－1834年9月24日），全名佩德罗·德·阿尔坎塔拉·弗朗西斯科·安东尼奥·若昂·卡洛斯·哈维尔·德·保拉·米格尔·拉斐尔·若阿金·若泽·贡扎加·帕斯卡尔·西普里亚诺·撒拉弗·德·布拉干萨-波旁（Pedro de Alcântara Francisco António João Carlos Xavier de Paula Miguel Rafael Joaquim José Gonzaga Pascoal Cipriano Serafim de Bragança e Bourbon）出生于葡萄牙的里斯本。他是当时王储若昂的第二个儿子。3岁时大哥去世他成为若昂摄政王的第一继承人受封贝拉亲王1807年拿破仑军队联合西班牙占领了葡萄牙并废黜了父亲若昂的职务，不久葡萄牙布拉干萨王朝成员在英国舰艇的保护下逃离里斯本前往巴西殖民地。之后里约热内卢更是成为了葡萄牙帝国的首都。 1814年拿破仑投降，父亲若昂亲王准备起身回家但又得知“厄尔巴岛的皇帝”拿破仑又回到了巴黎。1815年拿破仑彻底战败，葡萄牙为了缓和巴西独立的建立了葡萄牙-巴西-阿尔加维（葡萄牙南部大区）联合王国。巴西和宗主国葡萄牙平级并有了自己的政府组织。 |
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The life of
Emperor Pedro I of Brazil Pedro I was a man of many roles - he was a king, an emperor, a general and a duke. Although life is not very long, the experiences are absolutely rich. In the early days (when talking about Pedro, one has to mention his father and the Europe and Brazil of that time as well) Pedro I (October 12, 1798 - September 24, 1834), whose full name was Pedro de Alcantara Francisco Antonio Joao Carlos Xavier de Paula Miguel Rafael Joaquim Jose Gonzaga Pascoal Cipriano Serafim de Braganca e Bourbon, was born in Lisbon, Portugal. He was the second son of the then Prince João. When his elder brother died at the age of three, he became the first heir to the throne of João and was bestowed the title of Prince of Bela. In 1807, the French army, together with the Spanish, occupied Portugal and deposed his father, João. Soon after, the members of the Braganca-Bourbon dynasty of Portugal fled Lisbon under the protection of British warships and headed for the Brazilian colony. Rio de Janeiro then became the capital of the Portuguese Empire. In 1814, Napoleon surrendered. The Prince João, the father, was preparing to return home but learned that "the Emperor of Elba" Napoleon had returned to Paris. In 1815, Napoleon was completely defeated. Portugal, in order to ease the independence of Brazil, established the United Kingdom of Portugal-Brazil-Algarve (the southern region of Portugal). Brazil and the mother country Portugal were on an equal footing and had their own government organization. |
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| 佩德罗的父亲-若昂亲王（若昂六世） | ||||||||||||||||||
| Pedro's father, Prince Joao (Joao VI) | ||||||||||||||||||
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| 玛丽亚一世(1806年佩德罗的奶奶) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Maria I (Pedro's grandmother, 1806) | ||||||||||||||||||
| 早因精神病困扰的玛丽亚一世女王去世也就是文明5里面的玛丽亚女王。（好像是因为法国大革命给弄疯的）佩德罗的老爸继承王位称若昂六世。1817年19岁的佩德罗和大他一岁的奥地利女大公来自哈布斯堡的玛丽亚·利奥波丁娜结婚（神圣罗马帝国末代皇帝弗朗茨二世的女儿同时也是佩德罗的表姐）。婚后生下了小佩德罗（佩德罗二世巴西皇帝） | ||||||||||||||||||
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玛丽亚·莱奥波尔迪娜（Maria Leopoldina
of Austria，奥地利女大公（佩德罗的第一任妻子）1797年1月22日-1826年12月11日），出生于奥地利维也纳美泉宫，巴西皇帝佩德罗一世之妻。其名“玛丽亚”为赴巴西后启用，源于对圣母的敬仰
。 自幼接受哈布斯堡家族传统教育，学习法语、拉丁语及自然科学，尤精植物学与矿物学。1817年与葡萄牙王子佩德罗联姻，同年携科学考察团抵达巴西，生育七名子女，包括葡萄牙女王玛丽亚二世与巴西皇帝佩德罗二世。1822年巴西独立期间支持丈夫的政治决策，但对部分支持者的自由主义倾向持警惕态度。因佩德罗一世公开与情人桑托斯女侯爵的关系，逐渐陷入孤立，1826年因产后并发症去世。遗体最终安葬于圣保罗独立纪念碑的帝国教堂。 |
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| Archduke of Austria (Wife of Pedro) | ||||||||||||||||||
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| 不独立毋宁死 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Give me independence or give me death | ||||||||||||||||||
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| 佩德罗在创作国歌 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Pedro is writing the national anthem | ||||||||||||||||||
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| 佩德罗第二任妻子——阿梅莉·德·博阿尔内（Amélie de Beauharnais，1812—1873） | ||||||||||||||||||
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阿梅莉·德·博阿尔内（Amélie de
Beauharnais，1812—1873），巴西皇后，意大利总督欧仁·德·博阿尔内之女，母系出自巴伐利亚王室维特尔斯巴赫家族。其家族与欧洲多国王室联姻，长姐为瑞典王后，兄长为葡萄牙女王配偶，拿破仑三世为其表兄。 1829年，因巴西皇帝佩德罗一世私生活争议及继子女问题，多位欧洲公主拒绝联姻后，阿梅莉凭借母系背景及教养被选为皇后候选。其母赠予可观的嫁妆，并安排科学家马蒂乌斯教授巴西国情，伯爵夫人卡尔蒙指导宫廷习俗及葡萄牙语。同年5月婚约签署，7月佩德罗宣布婚约并与情妇断绝关系，设立“爱与忠诚”玫瑰勋章。8月2日，代理婚礼在慕尼黑洛伊希滕贝格宫举行，时年17岁的阿梅莉嫁予30岁的佩德罗一世。 |
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巴西皇帝（坑爹之路） 经过老爹若昂的十年经营巴西殖民地已经发展为一个富庶的地区了巴西越来越不依赖宗主国了并由于若昂的对外战争税费加重巴西爆发了起义（巴西吞并乌拉圭）。在欧洲因为英国的残暴统治葡萄牙人民在波尔图起义。面对这种情况葡萄牙议会于1820年要求若昂国王回国主政。这个时候稍有常识的人都能看出巴西可比葡萄牙富得多谁愿意回已经沦为巴西的“殖民地”的穷小的葡萄牙。国王内心深深知道自己一回老家巴西的独立之日就不远了。于是在回家前对佩德罗说：“儿子啊，到了紧急关头这巴西你就让他独立吧！还能保持我们家族的实力。” 这老爹一回国，1821年葡萄牙那边又反悔了决定取消巴西的王国资格改由里斯本直接统治并命令太子巴西亲王佩德罗回葡萄牙。知道消息的佩德罗大为气愤并说：身为四流国家的葡萄牙只配并入巴西。在得到大商人大庄园主的支持后佩德罗谨遵了父亲的教导并且决定留下来1822年9月7日，在巴西人民强烈要求和葡萄牙议会的压力下，刚到达圣保罗伊皮兰加河畔的佩德罗拔剑宣誓“不独立，毋宁死！”（Independência ou Morte!），正式宣布了巴西的独立。[当天他创作了《啊祖国，啊皇帝，啊人民》的歌曲，并亲自在当晚圣保罗的爱国集会上演唱，由合唱队伴唱，这首歌成为巴西的第一首国歌。并在后来率领军队打跑了葡萄牙的殖民军队。佩德罗一世并成为了巴西的“国父”“解放者” |
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| 葡萄牙国王-佩德罗自称自己为“佩德罗四世” | ||||||||||||||||||
| The King of Portugal - Pedro claimed to be "Pedro the Fourth" | ||||||||||||||||||
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1825年葡萄牙终于承认巴西独立地位，佩德罗的皇帝终于合法了。但在1826年佩德罗的父亲若昂六世驾崩（儿子在巴西当皇帝老爹却在老家葡萄牙当立宪君主。哎估计伤心死了）身为继承人的佩德罗继承王位称佩德罗四世。但是这么一来巴西人和葡萄牙人都不干了，巴西人已经受够了不想和葡萄牙搅在一起了。葡萄牙人又想身为一个欧洲国家却被前殖民地的君主管了面子很过不去。所以都反对佩德罗当国王。于是，佩德罗让他的小女儿当国王自己则继续当他的巴西皇帝。 在此期间佩德罗又制定了维护他专制中央集权统治的宪法。此时不满君主制的地区要求修宪遭拒于是发动叛乱但被佩德罗镇压。与此同时佩德罗为了换取英国对巴西的外交支持于英国签订了一系列通商协议。为了换取葡萄牙政府的外交承认还偿还了10万葡萄牙欠英国的债款。 1825-1828年期间佩德罗镇压乌拉圭独立战争结果失败，乌拉圭独立。佩德罗因此也花费了大量金钱威信大降。 1831年佩德罗任命新一届内阁结果爆发了起义，之后迫于压力退位与7岁的小佩德罗称佩德罗二世。 |
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In 1825 Portugal
finally recognized the independence of Brazil and Pedro's emperor became
legal.But in 1826 Pedro's father, Joao VI, died. (His son had been
emperor in Brazil but His father had become constitutional monarch in
his native Portugal.The heir, Pedro, came to the throne and called
himself Pedro IV.But then both the Brazilians and the Portuguese quit,
and the Brazilians are fed up with not wanting to be associated with
Portugal.The Portuguese wanted to be a European country but were
humiliated by the former colonial ruler.So they all objected to Pedro
becoming king.So Pedro made his youngest daughter king and he continued
to be emperor of Brazil. In the meantime, Pedro created a constitution to preserve his autocratic, centralized rule.At this point, a region unhappy with the monarchy's demands for constitutional change were rejected and a rebellion was put down by Pedro.At the same time Pedro signed a series of trade agreements with Britain in exchange for British diplomatic support for Brazil.In exchange for diplomatic recognition by the Portuguese government, 100,000 Portuguese debts to Britain were repaid. Pedro's suppression of Uruguay's war of independence in 1825-1828 resulted in defeat and Uruguay became independent.Pedro also spent a lot of money and his prestige fell. Pedro appointed a new cabinet in 1831 resulting in an uprising, and later resigned under pressure with the seven-year-old Pedro jr. Called Pedro II |
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| 大约两岁时的佩德罗（1800年） | ||||||||||||||||||
| Pedro at the age of about two (1800) | ||||||||||||||||||
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| 10岁的玛丽亚二世 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 10 year old Maria II | ||||||||||||||||||
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| 10岁时的佩德罗二世 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Pedro II at the age of 10 | ||||||||||||||||||
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葡萄牙的生活 佩德罗回葡萄牙后继续在布拉干萨地区当公爵并且辅佐女儿成为葡萄牙的摄政王。在此期间葡萄牙爆发了推翻玛丽亚二世的叛乱。而党首就是佩德罗的弟弟米格尔，他要实行专制统治而葡萄牙此时已经立宪。佩德罗加入自由党人一方在自由党人的基地亚速尔群岛接过政府大权，组成一支远征军浩浩荡荡的从亚速尔出发兵不血刃轻松占领了葡萄牙南部城市波尔图。波尔图并成了了与里斯本专制党对立的自由党的城市。但事情没那么简单，米格尔迅速组织了一支军队对波尔图围攻了一年多。这时葡萄牙自由党人的另一只军队在阿尔加维登陆，英国雇佣军又打败了米格尔的舰队。佩德罗和自由党人乘胜追击占领了里斯本，最终恢复了葡萄牙宪法。 自此之后佩德罗染上了肺炎，于1834年9月24日在他出生的地方克鲁兹宫长眠，享年35岁。 逢巴西建国150年之际的1972年佩德罗的灵柩被葡萄牙政府移交巴西政府。佩德罗回到了他曾经挥洒青春的地方。 |
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| 巴西皇后的徽章 | ||||||||||||||||||
| The badge of the Queen of Brazil | ||||||||||||||||||
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| 1834年9月24日，去世时的佩德罗，享年36岁。 | ||||||||||||||||||
| On September 24, 1834, Pedro passed away at the age of 36. | ||||||||||||||||||
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| 波尔图的佩德罗一世雕像 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Statue of Pedro I in Porto | ||||||||||||||||||
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唐·佩德罗（Dom
Pedro）于1798年10月12日出生在葡萄牙奎鲁兹。他的全名是Pedro
deAlcântara Francisco Antônio João Carlos Xavier de Paula Miguel Rafael
Joaquim José Gonzaga Pascoal Cipriano Serafim
de Bragança和Bourbon。从出生起，他就获得了“ Dom”的荣誉称号。 D. Pedro I是Dom JoãoVI的儿子和西班牙Carlo Carlo IV国王的女儿Carlota Joaquina的儿子，他是葡萄牙国王和王后王朝的Casa de Bragança的成员。他是第二大男孩，在他的哥哥D. Francisco Antônio死后成为了葡萄牙王位的继承人。 佩德罗一世（D. Pedro I）当时只有9岁，1807年，由于法国皇帝拿破仑入侵葡萄牙，整个王室逃到了巴西。他与父亲和兄弟Miguel一起生活在圣克里斯托瓦教区Paçode São Cristóvão，该 地目前是里约热内卢的国家博物馆。 佩德罗的研究领域包括数学，政治经济学，逻辑，历史和地理，学习用葡萄牙语，拉丁语和法语阅读和写作，以及将文本翻译成英语和理解德语。在他的童年时期，他陪同弗拉尔·安东尼奥·德·阿拉比达（Friar Antônio de Arrábida），他成为了他的导师。当他成为皇帝时，佩德罗一世（D. Pedro I）继续将自己的一部分时间用于学习。 但是，历史学家声称他很聪明并且很狡猾，但是他也很冲动，非常情绪化，没有学会自我控制。此外，他们还指出，他的父亲D.João从未允许 佩德罗受到他人的纪律处分，他解雇了教师，并将他从日常学习活动中带走。 |
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Dom Pedro
was born on October 12, 1798 in Queluz, Portugal. His full name
was Pedro de Alcantara Francisco Antonio Joao Carlos Xavier de
Paula Miguel Rafael Joaquim Jose Gonzaga Pascoal Cipriano
Serafim de Braganca and Bourbon. From birth, he was awarded the
title of "Dom". D. Pedro I was the son of Dom Joao VI and the daughter of King Carlo Carlo IV of Spain, Carlota Joaquina. He was a member of the Casa de Braganca of the Portuguese royal family and the second son. After the death of his elder brother D. Francisco Antonio, he became the heir to the Portuguese throne. Dom Pedro I was only 9 years old at that time. In 1807, due to the invasion of Portugal by French Emperor Napoleon, the entire royal family fled to Brazil. He lived with his father and brother Miguel in the parish of Pacode Sao Cristovao in Santa Catarina, where it is currently the National Museum of Rio de Janeiro. Dom Pedro's areas of study included mathematics, political economy, logic, history and geography. He learned to read and write in Portuguese, Latin and French, and translate texts into English and understand German. During his childhood, he accompanied Friar Antonio de Arrabida, who became his mentor. When he became the emperor, Dom Pedro I continued to devote some of his time to learning. However, historians claim that he was intelligent and cunning, but also impulsive, very emotional and failed to learn self-control. Additionally, they also pointed out that his father D. Joao never allowed Dom Pedro to be disciplined by others. He dismissed teachers and took him away from daily learning activities. |
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| National Anthem of the Brazilian Empire | ||||||||||||||||||
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