东德国歌：从废墟中崛起【和訳付】廃墟からの復活/

Auferstanden aus Ruinen【東ドイツ国歌】【中文字幕】

1962年9月6日，政治作曲家汉斯.艾斯勒（Hanns Eisler，1898——1962）的人生之旅在东柏林结束了。他生于莱比锡，在维也纳受教于勋伯格，在柏林与布莱希特合作；他从希特勒铁拳下逃到好莱坞，又因为麦卡锡参议员逃到民主德国，在那儿他写了国歌。
汉斯·艾斯勒（德语：Hanns Eisler，1898年7月6日-1962年9月6日），奥地利反法西斯作曲家、音乐理论家和社会活动家，犹太人，是德意志民主共和国国歌《从废墟中崛起》的作曲者，在欧洲乐坛享有盛誉。
汉斯·艾斯勒1898年7月6日生于德国莱比锡，1919年至1923年在维也纳音乐学院受教于勋伯格。1924年至1933年在柏林任教，期间与布莱希特合作创作革命歌曲和工人歌曲。1933年希特勒上台后流亡海外。1938年赴美，1942年进入好莱坞从事电影配乐创作，1944年、1945年曾两度被提名奥斯卡最佳原创音乐奖，1948年遭美国政府驱逐出境。1950年定居德意志民主共和国，1962年9月6日逝世于东柏林。
早年生涯
艾斯勒自幼喜欢音乐，但家境贫寒，无力支付学费，更买不起钢琴，他便自学作曲知识。1910年，艾斯勒举家迁至维也纳。中学时代，艾斯勒开始接触到革命思想，并研读马克思和恩格斯的著作。
1916年，艾斯勒被招入奥匈帝国军队的匈牙利军团，在第一次世界大战期间曾多次受伤，1918年退伍后回到维也纳。1919年1月，艾斯勒曾支持德国柏林工人武装起义，但起义最终失败。
1919年至1923年，艾斯勒在维也纳音乐学院学习作曲，师从勋伯格学习十二音音乐，是勋伯格的得意门生。1924年，艾斯勒到柏林音乐高等学校任教，并写作具有十二音体系风格的作品。1925年，艾斯勒移居柏林，期间受到马克思主义的影响，他于1926年加入德国共产党。1927年开始参加各种工人合唱队的活动并担任教学工作。1929年艾斯勒开始与戏剧家布莱希特合作，写出大量革命歌曲及工人歌曲，抗议当时魏玛德国的政治形势，并为戏剧、电影写作音乐，包括布莱希特的戏剧《决定》（1930）、《母亲》（1932）等，成为知名的左翼音乐家，两位艺术家的合作也伴随终生。
流亡海外
1933年，希特勒上台建立法西斯政权，艾斯勒等进步艺术家的创作受到了禁止。他被迫流亡海外，经过奥地利、法国、荷兰，1934年暂居丹麦，与布莱希特继续合作。后去英国写电影音乐，去美国作巡回演出。1937年支持西班牙的反法西斯战斗时，他曾为国际纵队写过一些战斗歌曲。
1938年去美国后，他在纽约新社会研究学校及南加利福尼亚大学任教。1942年在好莱坞从事电影音乐创作，曾担任喜剧大师卓别林的音乐助理。艾斯勒为8部好莱坞电影和多部纪录片配乐，其中配乐作品《侩子手之死》和《寂寞芳心》分别在1944年、1945年获得奥斯卡金像奖最佳剧情类原创配乐奖提名。电影配乐作品也是艾斯勒音乐作品的重要组成部分。
1940年开始，艾斯勒开始投入课题“音乐与电影之关系”的研究，这项研究也得到了洛克菲勒基金会、电影导演约瑟夫·洛塞和艾斯勒所任教学校的支持。1947年，艾斯勒与西奥多·阿多诺合著的《电影音乐作曲》一书出版。
这一时期，艾斯勒所学的音乐知识得到了充分的发挥，创作了大量佳作。他为导师勋伯格70大寿创作的作品《描述雨的14种方法》被认为是其流派的顶尖作品。这些作品也奠定了艾斯勒的声誉。
驱逐出境
艾斯勒在美国蓬勃发展的事业因冷战的爆发而被打断。他因曾参加进步活动、创作革命歌曲，被指控为“好莱坞头号苏联间谍”，并于1947年被美国“非美活动委员会”（HUAC）传讯，因拒绝回答问题，被判处监禁。
后国际进步人士卓别林、毕加索等组成营救委员会向美国政府提出抗议，艾斯勒于1948年被改判为驱逐出境。 [7]
1948年3月26日，汉斯·艾斯勒和他的妻子路易斯·茱莱茜离开拉瓜迪亚机场飞往布拉格。临行前，他说：“我带着万分的痛苦和愤怒地离开这个国家。1933年，当恶魔希特勒悬赏缉拿我的时候我坦然接受，因为我知道那是一个罪恶的时代，我因被驱逐而自豪！但现在我竟被如此荒谬地驱逐出了这美丽的国家，我感到心碎！”
定居柏林
1948年，艾斯勒回到祖国奥地利。德意志民主共和国成立后，他定居东柏林与布莱希特继续合作，仍从事作曲及音乐理论工作，成为著名的社会活动家。1949年，他为德意志民主共和国国歌《从废墟中崛起》（Auferstanden aus Ruinen）作曲。 [8]
这一时期，虽然艾斯勒在民主德国享有盛誉，但是他的一些先锋派音乐创作却得不到政府的认可。艾斯勒曾有创作歌剧《约翰·浮士德》的雄心壮志。该剧讲述了一位优柔寡断的人不愿参加德国农民战争，从而背离了工人阶级的故事。1952年，他完成了该剧的剧本和歌词的创作，但作品发表后受到了民主德国政府的批判。艾斯勒深受打击，最终未能完成歌剧《约翰·浮士德》的作曲工作，并因此罹患抑郁症。
由于汉斯·艾斯勒在音乐创作上成就非凡，他于1950、1958年两度被授予“德意志民主共和国国家奖”（Nationalpreis der DDR）。
1956年，艾斯勒的挚友布莱希特逝世，他悲痛万分，健康每下愈况。1962年9月6日，汉斯·艾斯勒因心脏病发作病逝于东柏林，享年64岁。他被安葬在位于柏林米特区的 多萝西恩施塔特公墓，那里也安息着他的挚友布莱希特。

今日视频：1、汉斯.艾斯勒东德国歌：《从废墟中崛起》；2、 汉斯.艾斯勒《弦乐四重奏》（2018）；3、汉斯.艾斯勒创作的《斯巴达克斯》；4、汉斯艾斯勒《沼泽士兵》。

September 6, 1962, political composer Hans.The life of Hanns Eisler (1898-1962) ended in East Berlin.He was born in Leipzig, educated in Schoenberg in Vienna, and worked with Brecht in Berlin;He fled Hitler's iron fist to Hollywood and senator McCarthy to the GDR, where he wrote the national anthem.
Hans Eisler (German: Hanns Eisler, 6 July 1898 -- 6 September 1962) was an Austrian anti-Fascist composer, musicologist and social activist. He was a Jewish composer of the German Democratic Republic's national anthem, "Rise from the Ashes".
Hans Eisler was born in Leipzig, Germany, on July 6, 1898. He was educated at the Vienna Conservatory from 1919 to 1923 in Schoenberg.He taught in Berlin from 1924 to 1933, where he collaborated with Brecht on revolutionary songs and worker's songs.Hitler came to power in 1933 and went into exile.He went to the United States in 1938, went to Hollywood in 1942 and was engaged in film score creation. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Music twice in 1944 and 1945, and was deported by the US government in 1948.He settled in the German Democratic Republic in 1950 and died in East Berlin on September 6, 1962.
Early career
Eisler loved music from an early age, but his family was too poor to pay for school, let alone a piano, so he taught himself how to compose.In 1910, the Eisler family moved to Vienna.In high school, Eisler was exposed to revolutionary ideas and studied the works of Marx and Engels.
In 1916, Eisler was recruited into the Hungarian legion of the Austro-Hungarian army. He was wounded several times during World War I and returned to Vienna after being discharged in 1918.In January 1919, Eisler supported an armed workers' uprising in Berlin, Germany, but the uprising failed.
From 1919 to 1923, Eisler studied composition at the Vienna Conservatory, where he studied twelve-tone music under Schoenberg. He was schoenberg's favorite student.In 1924, Eisler taught at the Berlin Music Academy and wrote works in the style of the twelve tone system.In 1925, Eisler moved to Berlin, during which time he was influenced by Marxism, he joined the German Communist Party in 1926.In 1927, he began to participate in various activities of the workers' chorus and took the teaching job.1929 eisler started cooperation with dramatist brecht, songs, and write a large number of revolutionary songs and workers protest weimar Germany's political situation at that time, and writing music drama, movie, including brecht drama "decision" (1930), "mother" (1932), etc., become well-known left-wing musicians, two artists cooperation is lifelong.
In exile
In 1933, when Hitler came to power and established the Fascist regime, eisler and other progressive artists were banned.Forced into exile, he passed through Austria, France, and the Netherlands before settling temporarily in Denmark in 1934, where he continued to work with Brecht.Then he went to England to write film music and to America to perform on tour.He wrote combat songs for the International Column in support of the Spanish anti-Fascist campaign in 1937.
After moving to the United States in 1938, he taught at the New Social Studies School in New York and the University of Southern California.In 1942, he was engaged in film music writing in Hollywood. He once worked as the music assistant of comedy master Charlie Chaplin.Eisler has scored eight Hollywood films and a number of documentaries, including "The Death of the Executioner" and "Lonely Hearts," which were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original score for A Drama in 1944 and 1945, respectively.The film score is also an important part of Eisler's music.
In 1940, Eisler began working on a project called "The Relationship between music and film," which was supported by the Rockefeller Foundation, film director Joseph Losser, and the school where Eisler taught.In 1947, Eisler and Theodore Adorno published a book called composing Music for Motion Pictures.
During this period eisler put his musical knowledge into full play and produced a great number of excellent works."Fourteen Ways to Describe Rain," which he composed for his mentor Schoenberg's 70th birthday, is considered the pinnacle of his genre.These works also established Eisler's reputation.
deportation
Eisler's flourishing career in the United States was interrupted by the outbreak of the Cold War.He was accused of being "Hollywood's leading Soviet spy" for his progressive activities and revolutionary songs, and in 1947 he was arraigned by the Committee for African American Activities (HUAC) and sentenced to prison for refusing to answer questions.
After international progressives Charlie Chaplin, Picasso and others formed a rescue committee to protest to the US government, Eessler was sentenced to deportation in 1948.[7]
On March 26, 1948, Hans Eisler and his wife, Louise Chu, left Laguardia Airport for Prague.Before leaving, he said: "I leave this country in great pain and anger.In 1933, when I was offered a reward by the evil Hitler, I accepted it because I knew it was an evil time and I was proud to be expelled.But now That I have been so absurdly expelled from this beautiful country, my heart is broken! '
Settled in Berlin
In 1948, Eisler returned to his native Austria.After the founding of the German Democratic Republic, he settled in East Berlin and continued to work with Brecht. He continued to work in composition and music theory and became a famous social activist.In 1949, he composed the song "Auferstanden Aus Ruinen," the National anthem of the German Democratic Republic.[8]
During this period, although Eisler was well known in the GDR, some of his avant-garde music was not recognized by the government.Eisler had ambitions to write the opera John Faust.It tells the story of an indecisive man who turns his back on the working class by refusing to fight in the German peasant war.In 1952, he finished the play's script and lyrics, but the work was criticized by the GDR government after it was published.Eisler was so devastated that he failed to complete the composition of The opera John Faust and suffered from depression as a result.
Hans eisler was awarded the Nationalpreis der DDR twice in 1950 and 1958 for his musical achievements.
In 1956, Eessler's best friend, Brecht, died, grieving and his health deteriorated.On September 6, 1962, Hans Eisler died of a heart attack in East Berlin at the age of 64.He was buried in the Dorothea Stadt cemetery in Berlin's Mitzvich district, where his dear friend Brecht also rests.
Today's video: 1. Hans.Eisler East German national anthem: Rise from the Ashes;2. String Quartet by Hans Eisler (2018);3. Spartacus by Hans Eisler;4. The Swamp Soldier by Hans Eisler

          copyright © 2003-2005 xilu.com all rights reserved.