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| 古斯塔夫·马勒 （Gustav Mahler，1860—1911） | ||||||||||||||||||||||
马勒 第八交响曲 (千人交响曲) 伯恩斯坦指挥维也纳爱乐乐团 |
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音乐历史上的今天 1910年9月12日， 在慕尼黑首演的《第八交响曲》即“千人交响曲”为马勒带来了巨大成功。“那次经历简直难以用言语形容。之后的盛况也一样难以形容——全体观众（有3000人）拥上 了舞台……”（阿尔玛 ·马勒）
千人交响曲 |
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| 古斯塔夫·马勒 （Gustav Mahler ） | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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维也纳剧院-马勒担任总监(1898) 在19世纪末20世纪初这个欧洲排犹势力肆虐的节点，犹太人这个身份成为马勒音乐生涯中的“束缚”。1897年，马勒迎来了人生中最辉煌的时刻，他成为极负盛名的维也纳国家歌剧院的总监，但为了保住这个极具声望的位置，马勒不得不抛弃自己犹太教徒的身份而改信天主教。 |
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Vienna theatre -
mahler as director (1898) In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a time when anti-semitism was rampant in Europe, the jewish identity became the "tie" in mahler's music career.In 1897, mahler's greatest moment came when he became director of the prestigious Viennese opera house. But in order to keep his prestigious position, mahler had to abandon his jewish identity and convert to Catholicism. |
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纽约大都会歌剧院-马勒担任指挥家(1908 - 09) 身处欧洲政治文化的中心，为了音乐理想，马勒一直承受着反犹“强加给他的孤独和排挤”，直到1907年，当奥地利的皇帝要求一名唱功不佳的女歌手登台演绎时，马勒严词拒绝，他因此也失去皇室这唯一支持的力量。 |
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The
Metropolitan Opera, New York - conductor by mahler (1908-09) At the center of European political culture, mahler suffered from "loneliness and exclusion" imposed by anti-semitism for his musical ideals until 1907, when the emperor of Austria asked a female singer with poor singing ability to perform on stage. Mahler refused to perform until he lost the only support force of the royal family. |
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| 马勒肖像画,by Emil Orlik,1902 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 从纽约返回维也纳的船上，奥地利小说家斯蒂芬·茨威格目睹了马勒病重时的模样，在茨威格后来的《古斯塔夫·马勒的重返》一书中，他回忆道：“脸色苍白如临终之人，他的侧影映在天与海无尽的灰色间，显出无限的悲怆，却又因他的伟大而显得庄严，像音乐一般，缓缓朝着完美的结局行进”。 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ottorino From New York to return to Vienna, Austria novelist stefan zweig witnessed when mahler was seriously ill, in zweig later return of gustav mahler, he recalls: "pale as death, his silhouette reflected in endless gray between the day and the sea, show infinite pathos, but for his great and appear solemn, like music, slowly marching toward perfect ending". | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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马勒的指挥风格,来自讽刺幽默杂志《FliegendeBlätter》,1901 在马勒的维也纳时代，他指挥家的身份比作曲家的身份更为人熟知，毕竟他是现代音乐会演出模式的缔造者。也许是因为犹太人的身份，马勒的作品长期不被接受，但也让他信誓旦旦的说出了那句名言：「我的时代将要来临」。 |
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Mahler's
conducting style, from the satirical humor magazine FliegendeBlatter,
1901 In his time in Vienna, mahler was better known as a conductor than as a composer, after all the architect of the modern concert format.Perhaps because of his jewish identity, mahler's work was long frowned upon, but it also led him to swear that "my time will come". |
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Today in the
history of music On May 18, 1911, at 11:05 p.m., during a storm, gustav mahler took his last breath at the loew sanatorium in Vienna.He was 50 years old, alone, and his wife was sent out of his room."I will never forget the hours he spent dying and the great look on his face as death drew near.His struggle for eternal values, his sublime extraction from trivialities, his unwavering devotion to the truth, are examples of the holy life "(Alma mahle) On July 7, 1860, another famous music star was born in kalisht, Bohemia. He was Gustav Mahler (1860-1911), the famous Austrian composer and conductor. Mahler showed his artistic prowess even as a child: at the age of six he took part in a piano competition;By the age of eight, he was teaching other children;At the age of 15, he left the liberal arts school to study at the Vienna conservatory of music for three years. He died in Vienna on May 18th, aged 51, after suffering a heart attack during his fourth holiday in 1911. From the age of 19, mahler began conducting and writing. He conducted opera houses in Prague, leipzig, Budapest, Hamburg and Vienna.The royal opera house of Vienna reached an unprecedented level during his tenure and enjoyed a first-class reputation at the time.As a result, he conducted and played with an extraordinary power that left an indelible impression. In 1907, mahler left the opera house to continue his directing activities in the United States.But every year he goes back to Vienna, where he feels most at home, for a holiday.Mahler's artistic career was fraught with controversy.Mahler's work had its own way and its own character. He was usually busy conducting orchestras and supervising theatres, and it was during his holidays that he became a composer.Mahler's works are limited to symphonies and songs, which are closely related to each other. Mahler wrote a total of 10 symphonies (the last one was not completed) and three collections with orchestral accompaniment.All of his symphonies converge into one unified whole -- a grand symphonic philosophical epic, in which each symphony is a chapter of the great work, with deep internal connections, and new symphonies often seem to emerge directly from the previous one. Mahler wrote dozens of songs for himself, a kind of unique musical diary, which he rarely performed until shortly before the first world war.His later work is a shocking document, which describes the disillusionment of a romantic musician's humanist worldview, from the morbid self-development to the endless pessimism, to the tragic irony, mystery and weirdness, that is, the process from the lower world to the heaven and from the heaven to the hell. Mahler's works are philosophical and grand, requiring huge space. Some of his symphonies are as long as one and a half hours. Sometimes the language of the music is too complicated and the form of the music is rather loose.At the same time, his work requires a fairly large band to play, which may be one reason his work is less frequently played.However, his symphonies try to develop the progressive tradition of Viennese symphonies. The vivid images of his symphonies, the theme materials derived from Viennese folk music, and the diverse and colorful writing techniques of the orchestra are all the charm of his symphonies. 1. Daniel gaddy conducting mahler's "fifth symphony";2. Mahler piano quartet in a minor. |
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| 马勒的妻子阿尔玛·马勒（Alma Mahler ） | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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阿尔玛·马勒 古斯塔夫·马勒的妻子 Alma Mahler，原名Alma Maria Schindler，又名Alma Gropius和Alma Werfel(生于1879年8月31日，奥地利维也纳-匈牙利- 1964年12月11日，纽约，美国)，古斯塔夫·马勒的妻子，因与著名男人的关系而闻名。 作为画家埃米尔·辛德勒(Emil Schindler)的女儿，阿尔玛在艺术和艺术家的包围中长大。她学习艺术，并与画家古斯塔夫·克里姆特(Gustav Klimt)成为朋友，后者为她画了几幅肖像。然而，她的主要兴趣是音乐:她是一个有天赋的钢琴家，并与亚历山大·冯·泽姆林斯基一起学习作曲。 1902年，她嫁给了古斯塔夫·马勒，起初马勒劝她不要作曲;据说他在听了她的歌之后改变了主意。马勒在他的第六交响曲第一乐章中留下了她的音乐肖像，并将第八交响曲献给了她。阿尔玛1911年去世后，与奥斯卡·科科什卡有染，科科什卡曾多次为阿尔玛作画，最著名的作品是《暴风雨》(1914年;死Windsbraut)。1915年，她嫁给了建筑师沃尔特·格罗皮乌斯(Walter Gropius);他们在第一次世界大战后离婚。1929年，她嫁给了作家弗朗茨·韦费尔。20世纪30年代末，维尔菲尔一家离开了纳粹德国，最终定居美国。 在她的一生中，马勒与许多著名的艺术家成为了朋友，包括作曲家阿诺德·勋伯格，作家格哈特·豪普特曼，以及歌手恩里科·卡鲁索。作曲家阿尔班·伯格将他的歌剧《沃采克》(1921)献给了她。 获得独家访问的内容，从我们的1768第一版与您的订阅。 现在订阅 阿尔玛·马勒出版了两本古斯塔夫·马勒的集子以及她的回忆录《桥就是爱》(1958)。她还发表了一些歌曲。 |
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| 马勒的妻子阿尔玛·马勒（Alma Mahler ） | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Alma Mahler WIFE OF GUSTAV MAHLER Alma Mahler, original name Alma Maria Schindler, also called Alma Gropius and Alma Werfel, (born Aug. 31, 1879, Vienna, Austria-Hungary—died Dec. 11, 1964, New York, N.Y., U.S.), wife of Gustav Mahler, known for her relationships with celebrated men. The daughter of the painter Emil Schindler, Alma grew up surrounded by art and artists. She studied art and became friends with the painter Gustav Klimt, who made several portraits of her. Her primary interest, however, was in music: she was a gifted pianist and studied musical composition with Alexander von Zemlinsky. In 1902 she married Gustav Mahler, who at first discouraged her from composing; he is said to have changed his mind after hearing her songs. Mahler left a musical portrait of her in the first movement of his Symphony No. 6, and he dedicated Symphony No. 8 to her. After his death in 1911 Alma had an affair with Oskar Kokoschka, who painted her many times, most notably in The Tempest (1914; Die Windsbraut). In 1915 she married the architect Walter Gropius; they were divorced after World War I. She married the writer Franz Werfel in 1929. In the late 1930s the Werfels left Nazi Germany, eventually settling in the United States. During her lifetime Alma Mahler became friends with numerous celebrated artists, including the composer Arnold Schoenberg, the writer Gerhart Hauptmann, and the singer Enrico Caruso. The composer Alban Berg dedicated his opera Wozzeck (1921) to her. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. Subscribe today Alma Mahler published two collections of Gustav Mahler’s letters as well as her memoirs, And the Bridge Is Love (1958). She also published a number of songs. |
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| "Malevolent Muse: The Life of Alma Mahler," by Oliver Hilmes.(Handout) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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德国哲学家和社会评论家阿多诺称她为“怪物”。作曲家理查德·施特劳斯在她身上看到了“放荡女性的自卑情结”。维也纳人吉娜·考斯(Gina
Kaus)对她不屑一顾，说她是“我认识的最糟糕的人”。玛丽埃塔·托伯格，奥地利作家弗里德里希·托伯格的妻子，将她描述为“一位贵妇人，同时也是一个污水坑。” 显然，阿尔玛·辛德勒·马勒·格罗皮乌斯·韦费尔在她的许多熟人中激起了强烈的反感。在漫长的一生中，她经历了奥地利哈布斯堡王朝的崩溃和两次世界大战，她的事迹也让人们对她充满了崇敬之情。她迷人、有特权、雄心勃勃、精于算计，是20世纪最杰出的女性之一，她的魅力光环感动了整整一代富有创造力的艺术家。 她是三个著名丈夫的妻子——作曲家古斯塔夫·马勒，建筑师和包豪斯的创始人沃尔特·格罗皮乌斯和作家弗朗茨·韦费尔——艺术家奥斯卡·科科什卡的情妇，和许多其他著名男人的情人。 这一大群自相矛盾的人是谁?德国作家奥利弗·希尔梅斯(Oliver Hilmes)在他那本不偏不倚、引人入胜的传记《恶毒的缪斯:阿尔玛·马勒的一生》(Malevolent Muse: the Life of Alma Mahler)中探讨了这些悖论。这本书最初于2004年在德国出版，由唐纳德·阿瑟(Donald Arthur)翻译成英文发行(东北大学出版社，360页，40美元)。 艾尔玛在1957年的自传中，在日记和信件中(1999年的英文版)都对难以忽视的真相进行了美化，但希尔梅斯没有这样做，而是选择保留他发现的历史证据。读者的工作就是判断阿尔玛到底有多恶毒或多仁慈。这不是一个特别讨人喜欢的肖像，但它听起来是真实的。 |
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German
philosopher and social critic Teodor Adorno called
her a "monster." Composer Richard Strauss saw in her
"the inferiority complexes of a dissolute female." A
Viennese acquaintance, Gina Kaus, dissed her as "the
worst human being I ever knew." Marietta Torberg,
the wife of Austrian writer Friedrich Torberg,
described her as "a grande dame and, at the same
time, a cesspool." Clearly Alma Schindler Mahler Gropius Werfel inspired passionate antipathies among her many acquaintances. She also inspired passionate admiration in the course of a long life that spanned the collapse of Hapsburg Austria and two world wars. Charming, privileged, ambitious and calculating, she was one of the most remarkable women of the 20th century, one whose magnetic aura touched an entire generation of creative artists. She was wife to three famous husbands – composer Gustav Mahler, architect and Bauhaus founder Walter Gropius and author Franz Werfel – mistress to artist Oskar Kokoschka, and lover to many other prominent men. Who was this alluring mass of contradictions? German author Oliver Hilmes probes the paradoxes in his even-handed, compulsively readable biography, "Malevolent Muse: The Life of Alma Mahler." Originally published in Germany in 2004, the book has been issued in an English translation by Donald Arthur (Northeastern University Press, 360 pages, $40). Rather than glossing over inconvenient truths Alma sanitized in both her 1957 autobiography and in her diaries and letters (which appeared in an English-language edition in 1999), Hilmes chooses to leave the historical evidence just as he found it. It's the reader's job to decide just how malevolent or benevolent a muse Alma really was. It's not an especially flattering portrait but it rings true. |
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| 布鲁诺·沃尔特——曾经是马勒的助手，写了一本书详尽介绍了马勒的作为歌剧总监、作曲家、指挥家和歌曲作曲家的马勒。 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 布鲁诺·沃尔特——曾经是马勒的助手，写了一本书详尽介绍了马勒的作为歌剧总监、作曲家、指挥家和歌曲作曲家的马勒。 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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布鲁诺·沃尔特 （Bruno Walter，1876年－1962年），美籍德国犹太裔指挥家、钢琴家。
1876年9月15日生于柏林。他的音乐生涯始于
1894年3月23日，这一天他第一次担任科隆歌剧院的指挥。1901 年，应古斯塔夫
•马勒的邀请到维也纳霍福佩尔(ofoper)任职，后来担任首席指挥，在那里待了11年。 1913-1922年，他在慕尼黑担任音乐总指挥。20 多岁的时候，在他人的扶持下建立和发展“萨尔茨堡音乐节”。1936年，回到维也纳，担任爱乐乐团的指挥,一直到1938 年。沃尔特博士1909年首次在美国露面。从那以后，他经常在科文特花园、大都会歌剧院和全世界的交响音乐会上任指挥。 后来，他居住在加里福尼亚。 沃尔特的指挥风格柔和优美，将管弦乐的各声部都处理得富于歌唱性。他继承和发展了德国的指挥传统，被誉为“莫扎特专家”。他特别擅长于指挥莫扎特、贝多芬、勃拉姆斯、马勒的作品。他是马勒第九交响曲和大地之歌首演指 挥者。 |
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伯恩斯坦：马勒，他的时代已经来临 伯恩斯坦颇有见地的1987年维也纳爱乐版马勒第五交响曲，在放大镜下重新审视。“这个版本最值得称道是伯恩斯坦自己，他激情澎湃，使音乐充满魔力抑扬顿错，并一无反故地引导乐曲直达终曲的辉煌！感谢异常清晰而均衡的录音，乐谱的微妙之出毫发必现....一如指挥家所愿。”━━摘自麦克尔·肯尼迪1988年8月的评论 。 |
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Albena
Bernstein: mahler, his time has come Bernstein's insightful 1987 Viennese philharmonic version of mahler's fifth symphony was re-examined under a magnifying glass."The best credit for this version goes to Bernstein himself. He made the music magical, played it wrong, and led it, without fail, to its grand finale.Thanks to the unusually clear and balanced recording, the subtlety of the score is never far away...As a conductor would wish."━━ a comment by Michael Kennedy in August 1988. |
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| 伦纳德·伯恩斯坦（Leonard Bernstein，1918年8月25日~1990年10月14日），出生于马萨诸塞州劳伦斯，犹太裔美国指挥家、作曲家。1935年入哈佛大学，师从W.俾斯顿、EB.希尔学习作曲，1939年毕业。后入费城柯蒂斯音乐学院学习指挥。1941年任波士顿交响乐团助理指挥。师从布鲁诺·瓦尔特。荣获“桂冠指挥家”的称号。1958年成为纽约爱乐乐团有史以来第一位土生土长的音乐总监。1990年10月14日，伯恩斯坦在纽约去世 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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