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| 沃尔夫冈·阿玛迪斯·莫扎特（Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 1756-1791） | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 音乐会·卡拉扬·卡拉扬纪念DVD19·柏林建城750周年纪念音乐会 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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柏林建城750周年纪念音乐会 莫扎特第十七号嬉游曲 理查·施特劳斯交响诗《查拉如斯特拉如是说》 1987年5月1日 |
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音乐历史上的今天
1773年8月18日莫扎特：《第七号嬉游曲》首演于维也纳梅斯玛博士的花园音乐会。 在乐队小步舞曲时，这首清纯的小步舞曲就是最好的检验，而柏林爱乐合奏中，我们 看到如此众多的音乐群，都如同一个人演奏一般，小提琴演奏明确的重奏，不但音色纯正而且每一个音符都清晰可辨，莫扎特的音乐确实高贵清纯， 说明柏林爱乐的演奏家们个个不但是独奏家的水准，而且还兼具极高的室内乐合奏水平，以及多年在一起磨合的合作经验，使得这首乐曲在古典音乐中的百花园中，争相吐艳。而且多少年来王宫贵族们都踩着小步舞曲的节奏，偏偏起舞，所以这首小步舞曲的流行，所以他几百年了一直成为了人们非常钟情和喜爱的一首莫扎特名曲。
嬉游曲(divertimento)原为18世纪欢娱宾客的器乐重奏组曲，常由3～10余件管弦乐器混合演奏，包含4个以上乐章，以舞曲（最常见的是小步舞曲，可以不止一首）、进行曲、变奏曲为主，形式与小夜曲相仿
。J.海顿和W.A.莫扎特都作有大量嬉游曲。F.舒伯特的《匈牙利风格嬉游曲》是以匈牙利曲调为基础的幻想曲。法国作曲家A.鲁塞尔为钢琴和5件管乐器作的嬉游曲和F.布索尼为长笛和乐队作的嬉游曲，都是20世纪的作品。B.巴托克、I.F.斯特拉文斯基、H.W.亨策也写过不同形式的嬉游曲，插入歌剧、舞剧和其他戏剧的游艺舞曲中。 |
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| 少年就以神童名扬天下的莫扎特（Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 沃尔夫冈·阿玛多伊斯·莫扎特简介 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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沃尔夫冈·阿玛多伊斯·莫扎特（Wolfgang Amadeus
Mozart，1756年1月27日－1791年12月5日），出生于神圣罗马帝国时期的萨尔兹堡。欧洲古典主义音乐作曲家。1760年，莫扎特开始学习作曲。1763年至1773年，莫扎特随父亲列奥波尔得·莫扎特在欧洲各国进行旅行演出。1781年，莫扎特到维也纳开始10年的创作生涯。1791年12月5日0时55分，莫扎特逝世，享年35岁，死因不明。莫扎特留下的重要作品总括当时所有的音乐类型。他谱出的协奏曲、交响曲、奏鸣曲、小夜曲、嬉游曲后来成为古典音乐的主要形式。 1756年1月27日，莫扎特生于奥地利的萨尔茨堡一位宫廷乐师的家庭，原籍是德国，他的父亲列奥波尔得·莫扎特是那座城中宫廷天主教乐团的小提琴手，也是一位作曲家；母亲安娜·玛丽亚·莫札特也热衷于音乐并会拉大提琴和小提琴。莫扎特是家中最小的孩子排行第七。 1760年，4岁的莫扎特跟父亲列奥波尔得·莫扎特学习钢琴并开始作曲。1762年，6岁的莫扎特在父亲的带领下到慕尼黑、维也纳、普雷斯堡作了一次试验性的巡回演出。1763年6月至1773年3月，莫扎特与父亲先后到德国、法国、英国、荷兰、意大利等国进行为期十年的旅行演出。这次演出让莫扎特对当时最先进的意大利歌剧、法国歌剧、德国器乐等体裁都有了认识，还结识了J.C.巴赫、G.B.马蒂尼、G.B.萨马蒂尼等作曲家并学习到他们的作曲技术，这时的作品已经显示莫扎特创作体裁的广泛性和他对歌剧创作的兴趣。 1773年底，莫扎特与父亲返回萨尔茨堡。此时的莫扎特对自己卑微的奴仆乐师地位感到不满，为了争取人身与创作的自由，他经过激烈的斗争，终于在1777年9月获得大主教的同意，又随母亲进行了两年的旅行演出。为了另谋职位，以便永远离开萨尔茨堡，他先后在慕尼黑和曼海姆教学、演出，进一步加深了对不平等制度的认识和体会。在曼海姆时，他得到一些市民音乐家的帮助与同情，并接触到当时欧洲重要的曼海姆乐派，听到第一流管弦乐队的演奏。 1778年5月，莫扎特抵达巴黎，由于母亲病逝，加上未能谋到职位，于是在1779年1月返回萨尔茨堡。这一时期，莫扎特在曼海姆创作了2首长笛协奏曲、1首双簧管协奏曲、7首钢琴小提琴奏鸣曲、3首钢琴奏鸣曲，这些作品反映了曼海姆乐派的影响。1780年，莫扎特完成歌剧《伊多梅纽》。这一时期莫扎特的作品严谨，在内容上反映了当时狂飙运动思潮的影响，在形式上出现了新的要素，如奏鸣曲式第一乐章的呈示部，出现了与第一主题相对比的第二（或更多的）主题在再现部中，常常改换主题出现的次序，有时对主题材料也进行了不同于呈示部的处理，在第一、二乐章间，有了强烈的力度对比，这些手法，增强了他的音乐作品的戏剧性，使“古典奏鸣曲式”进一步形成。 1781年6月，莫扎特再也无法忍受大主教的凌辱，毅然向大主教提出了辞职，成为欧洲历史上第一位公开摆脱宫廷束缚的音乐家，到维也纳谋生。之后他虽然名义上是一位自由作曲家，实际上仍然无力抗争封建社会对他的压迫。生活的磨难对他的思想和创作产生了深刻的影响，在维也纳的10年，成为他创作中最重要的10年。1782年7月，莫扎特创作的《后宫诱逃》在维也纳布尔格剧院首演。 1784年，他参加了共济会，对它所宣扬的自由、平等、博爱的思想有强烈共鸣，并在这种思想的启示下创作新型作品。1785年，一度倒闭了的维也纳民俗歌剧院开始恢复，莫扎特有了从事歌剧创作的机会，创作了一部喜剧型歌剧《剧院经理》。1786年，创作歌剧《费加罗的婚礼》。1787年，莫扎特完成歌剧《唐璜》。1790年1月，莫扎特的歌剧《女人心》上演。1791年，莫扎特创作歌剧《蒂托的仁慈》但未获成功。9月，完成最后一部歌剧《魔笛》。之后莫扎特开始创作大型宗教音乐作品《安魂曲》，于12月5日0时55分《安魂曲》还未完成莫扎特就离奇死亡，享年35岁，入葬于维也纳。 |
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| 莫扎特一家1769年第一次意大利之旅 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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上图黑线是莫扎特一家行程的主线，绿线是临时拜访地，西至意大利的都灵，南至那不勒斯，十三岁的莫扎特正值美好年华，一路走来一路歌，观摩作曲、
走一路写一路，演奏、遍访名人
，研究了大量的欧洲乃至于世界的文化，所以此时莫扎特生正逢时，创造了更加辉煌的乐章，正是读万卷书不如行万里路；1771年第二次意大利之旅；1772年第三次意大利之旅。莫扎特在意大利创作了这首《第七号嬉游曲》，并且在1773年8月18日首演于维也纳梅斯玛博士的花园音乐会。 |
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| 莫扎特时代的家庭音乐会（wolfgang amadeus mozart family concer） | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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August 18, 1773
Mozart: "Playsong No. 7" premiered at Dr. Mesma's garden concert in
Vienna. Mozart is in his 17th year of life, already famous as a musical prodigy, and his family's three trips to Italy, which began in 1769, have come to an end.Trip to Italy for the first time, west to Turin, Italy, south to napoli, thirteen Mozart comes at a good time, song all the way along the way, view composition, all the way walk all the way to write, play, visited celebrity, research a lot of Europe and even the culture of the world, when Mozart was born at this time it was so, creating a more brilliant movement, it was travelling is better than reading thousands of books;The second trip to Italy in 1771;The third trip to Italy in 1772 covered all the mountains and rivers of Italy.Mozart composed the "Playsong No. 7" in Italy and premiered it at Dr. Mesma's garden concert in Vienna on August 18, 1773. The first the first divertimenti step dance is often the soloist in the music playing alone at the meeting, including the famous Philippine sea, enclosed is some of the first small step dance skills adapted to bow to play, more add infinite pleasure to the song, as a repertoire, wonderful, solo music at the first pure small dance music is the best test. In Berlin philharmonic ensemble, we saw so many music group, is like a person to play, played the violin clear, not only pure timbre and each note is clear, Mozart's music really noble and pure, for many years the palace dance to the rhythm of nobles are stepping on a small step, just dance, so the popularity of the first small step dance music, so he has a few hundred years has become the people are very loving and loved a Mozart violin. Divertimento was originally an instrumental ensemble for entertaining guests in the 18th century. It is often played with more than 3 ~ 10 orchestral instruments. It contains more than 4 movements, mainly dance (the most common is minuet, and can be more than one), march and variation, and its form is similar to serenade.Both J. Haydn and W.A. Mozart wrote large Numbers of frolics.F. Schubert's Hungarian Playfulness is a fantasia based on Hungarian tunes.Frolics for piano and five wind instruments by The French composer A. Roussel, and frolics for flute and orchestra by F. Busoni, are both twentieth century compositions.B. Bartok, I.F. Stravinsky, and H.W. Hentze also wrote various forms of playtime, interspersing them with dance pieces from operas, dance pieces, and other plays. Divertimento, a light suite popular in the 18th century, is a common form of Western classical music.At that time, it was mainly used for entertainment, social intercourse and celebration in upper class and court life (mainly in Austria). Compared with serenade, it was mainly used for playing outdoors, while playtime was mainly used for playing indoors.Divertire is derived from the Italian word divertire, meaning joy and amusement.As a small chamber ensemble instrumental music, its instrument composition, number of movements and form are very free.The ensemble usually consists of three to eight players, and usually consists of three to ten small movements. The genre of each movement is usually dominated by dance music (especially minuet), march, variations and sonata form, etc., without strict restrictions. In the eighteenth century, Both Haydn and Mozart wrote a great deal of playfulness.It was not until the early 20th century, when chamber music and the revival of classical music began to take off, that some modern composers attempted to write playfulness again. Divertimento was originally an instrumental ensemble for entertaining guests in the 18th century. It is often played with more than 3 ~ 10 orchestral instruments. It contains more than 4 movements, mainly dance (the most common is minuet, and can be more than one), march and variation, and its form is similar to serenade.Both J. Haydn and W.A. Mozart wrote large Numbers of frolics.F. Schubert's Hungarian Playfulness is a fantasia based on Hungarian tunes.Frolics for piano and five wind instruments by The French composer A. Roussel, and frolics for flute and orchestra by F. Busoni, are both twentieth century compositions.B. Bartok, I.F. Stravinsky, and H.W. Hentze also wrote various forms of playtime, interspersing them with dance pieces from operas, dance pieces, and other plays. Divertimento, a light suite popular in the 18th century, is a common form of Western classical music.At that time, it was mainly used for entertainment, social intercourse and celebration in upper class and court life (mainly in Austria). Compared with serenade, it was mainly used for playing outdoors, while playtime was mainly used for playing indoors.Divertire is derived from the Italian word divertire, meaning joy and amusement.As a small chamber ensemble instrumental music, its instrument composition, number of movements and form are very free.The ensemble usually consists of three to eight players, and usually consists of three to ten small movements. The genre of each movement is usually dominated by dance music (especially minuet), march, variations and sonata form, etc., without strict restrictions. In the eighteenth century, Both Haydn and Mozart wrote a great deal of playfulness.It was not until the early 20th century, when chamber music and the revival of classical music began to take off, that some modern composers attempted to write playfulness again. 1. Karajan conducts the Berlin Philharmonic and plays Mozart's Frolic No. 17 at a concert marking the 750th anniversary of the founding of Berlin.2. Dance version of Mozart's Minuet;3. Heifetz plays the Minuet in Mozart D major. |
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| 莫扎特的初恋情人就是韦伯尔的二女儿阿罗伊齐亚 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 莫扎特一生只爱姐妹俩 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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关于莫扎特爱情的说法，有很多版本。不过，莫扎特一生真正爱过的女人有两个，而且还是姐妹俩。他们分别是德国著名音乐家韦伯尔的二女儿阿罗伊齐亚和三女儿康斯坦齐亚。 初恋，被情人利用后抛弃 莫扎特的初恋情人就是韦伯尔的二女儿阿罗伊齐亚，1777年，莫扎特在德国曼海姆遇上了她。16岁的阿罗伊齐亚一开口，莫扎特就被她迷住了。她那清澈美妙的高音，就和她的人一样，令人神往。 为了帮助阿罗伊齐亚征服音乐界，莫扎特为她创作了3首咏叹调，并带她出席宫廷音乐会。但面对莫扎特的追求，阿罗伊齐亚始终与他若即若离。阿罗伊齐亚考虑的只是音乐的成功：她梦想到意大利的歌剧院演唱。陶醉在柔情蜜意中的莫扎特写信给身在萨尔茨堡的父亲，请求他通过熟人在意大利为阿罗伊齐亚谋求一个女演员的空缺。 然而，莫扎特的父亲觉得他们俩并不合适：“立即去巴黎，功成名就后再去意大利。” 莫扎特无奈带着母亲离开萨尔茨堡去了巴黎。短短几个月，他创作了很多作品，但根本无法高兴起来，他无时无刻不在思念心上人。就在这时，他的母亲因旅途艰难、劳累过度患重病死在他怀里。父亲获悉情况后，催他回萨尔茨堡。 莫扎特两手空空返回德国。途径慕尼黑时，他顺便到韦伯尔家拜访，没想遭到阿罗伊齐亚的冷遇。因为她当时已是歌剧院女主角、当地的名流。莫扎特对她来说已经没有什么利用价值了。 1781年3月，阿罗伊齐亚嫁给了一名宫廷音乐家，这更让莫扎特伤心欲绝。 婚后，家里更像疯人院 尽管阿罗伊齐亚无情地抛弃了莫扎特，但他和韦伯尔家依然来往甚密。不久，17岁的三女儿康斯坦齐亚喜欢上莫扎特。他们悄悄相爱了。 尽管未经父亲同意，1782年8月4日，26岁的莫扎特和19岁的康斯坦齐亚还是举行了婚礼。婚礼上，双方亲属中只有康斯坦齐亚的妹妹索菲亚一个人出席。 婚后，莫扎特和康斯坦齐亚的生活非常甜蜜。在一起的时候，他们总是沉迷在那种孩子气似的性游戏中。一次，到莫扎特家做客的老莫扎特回来对女儿抱怨，儿子的家更像是疯人院——一天到晚音乐声不断，还伴有婴儿的啼哭声、狗的吠叫声以及金丝雀的鸣叫声。 或许正是如此，莫扎特的艺术细胞真正被激发了出来，婚后一两年，莫扎特迎来了他事业的颠峰时期。 死时，只有妻妹在身边 康斯坦齐亚在音乐上也非常有天赋，此外，她还是个天生的语言学家，除了会说母语德语外，还会说一口流利的意大利语和法语。莫扎特在给自己父亲的信中写道：“她非常漂亮，很爱干净，一个女人该具有的美好品质她都拥有。我爱她，她也全身心地爱我。”18世纪90年代，康斯坦齐亚由于多次怀孕，患上了一种致命的病。 1791年12月4日夜晚，莫扎特处在弥留之际，只有妻妹索菲亚守在他床边，她事后说：“莫扎特在生命最后一刻，还模仿《安魂曲》，我听见了。”莫扎特离开人世被埋葬在穷人的公墓里，下葬时没有一个亲人在身旁。 |
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| 莫扎特时代的共济会集会 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 莫扎特《小步舞曲》配舞版，画面很美 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Today in the
history of music On July 18, 1927, The first collaboration between Brechter and Weill, "Mahagonny Songspiel," was performed at the elegant Baden-Baden Festival.When we got to the last song and waved signs (mine was "For Weill"), the demonstration began -- the entire audience rose to applaud, boo, and whistle.Brecht had thoughtfully provided us with whistles, so that we could stand on the stage and return the blows.(Lott Lanya) Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956) was a famous German dramatist and poet.Berto Brecht was born in Augsburg, Bavaria, Germany, on February 10, 1898.He was a theatre writer and director when he was young.He was involved in the worker's movement.After 1933, they went into exile on the European continent.He went to America via the Soviet Union in 1941, but was persecuted after the war and returned to Europe in 1947.He settled in East Berlin in 1948.In 1951 he received a state prize for his services to drama.He received the Lenin Peace Prize in 1955.Brecht died in Berlin on August 14, 1956. Berto Brecht was born in Augusburg, Bavaria, on February 10, 1898.His father was the director of a paper factory, and his mother suffered from breast cancer when she was young.As a weak child, Brecht was sent to a nursing home because of a congenital heart disease. At the age of six, he attended church elementary school, where he received a Latin and liberal arts education.At sixteen, he began writing articles for the local newspaper and wrote his first play, the Bible. In 1917, brecht went to Study medicine at Ludwig Maximilik University in Munich, where he attended Artur Coetscher's theatre studies class, but often skipped class to run home because he did not like the pattern of his classmates.But with this spare time began to write the play "Baal."During World War I, Brecht was assigned to a military hospital as a medical soldier, but it was soon over because he publicly disbelieved in the war. Before becoming a playwright at Munich, Brecht took a job writing theater reviews for the newspaper People's Will.In 1922 Brecht's "The Midnight Drum" was staged in theaters in Munich and Berlin, for which Brecht won the prestigious Kleist Prize for best young playwright.Brecht also began to steady his relationships, marrying opera singer Mariana at the age of 24.Their first daughter, Hannah, was born the following year.Although married, Brecht, who rarely spends time with his wife and daughter, has other marital problems.After moving to Berlin in 1924, he met Helena Weigel, a Viennese communist actress, whom he actively pursued.Helena also bore him an illegitimate son named Stefan.Brecht later met and collaborated with Elizabeth Hoptman.Brecht divorced Marianne in 1926 and married Helena in 1929.After the congressional arson in 1933, Brecht and his family fled to Zurich and later to Denmark and Finland, traveling through Moscow, Vladivostok, and St. Pietro harbor in 1941.In 1954 Brecht was awarded the International Stalin Peace Prize.He died of a heart attack on 14 August 1956 while studying Beckett's waiting for Godot and was buried in Berlin's Dorothea Cemetery.Starting in 1933, during his 15-year exile, Brecht traveled to every corner of Europe and the United States. At his hotel in Zurich, Brecht met Henry Seaman, Sigus and Benjamin, and struck up a deep friendship.In Moscow, he saw a visiting performance by The Peking Opera master Mei Lanfang.In Hollywood, he befriended the comic genius Charlie Chaplin, and by chance fell in love with his old roommate who was visiting America at the time.If the encounter with the world war triggered Brecht's political thinking, then fifteen years of wandering in a foreign land made him more exposed to the depth of society, floating in the world.This is not only the journey of exile, but also the journey of Brecht's growing up as a drama soul, which brings his drama with immortal charm.The age is people can not choose, how to find their own drifting in the fate of survival, even the way to flourish, Brecht is undoubtedly an unimpeachable teacher. Video of the day: The Rise and Fall of Mahagoni by Brecht and Weill. Aix-en-provence, France (2019). |
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| 海菲兹 & 莫扎特-D大调小步舞曲 & 小提琴 Heifetz plays Mozart-Minuet (Divertimento No.17, K.334) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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海菲兹演奏莫扎特的小步舞曲(第17号，K.334) theheifetzcollection 2011年3月27日 威利·伯梅斯特编曲 小提琴:亚沙·海菲兹 钢钢琴:伊西多尔·阿克伦 嬉游曲第17号，K. 334 |
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Heifetz
plays Mozart - Minuet (Divertimento No.17, K.334) theheifetzcollection 2011年3月27日 Transcription/Arrangement by Willy Burmeister Violin: Jascha Heifetz Piano: Isidor Achron Divertimento No. 17, K. 334 |
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