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                      莫扎特之旅-文化交流-音乐历史上的今天                    
                     
 
 
                   
                     

                   
                     
 
 

 
 

                                    莫扎特之旅 编译 文/图 2020-08-12  19:36

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生(Thomas Alva Edison,1847—1931)      
         
   【交响乐】卡拉扬 柏林爱乐 贝多芬第五交响曲(1972)      
  Symphony No. 5 karajan Philharmonic Beethoven (1972)      
 
     
  音乐历史上的今天

1877年8月12日,30岁的托马斯.埃尔瓦.爱迪生(Thomas Alva Edison,1847——1931)草拟出一个圆柱体和一根摇柄的图纸,并给他最好的机械师写了张纸条:“克鲁西,做这个。”后来他对着成品装置喊道:“玛丽有只小羊羔,”这时留声机诞生了。“我一辈子从未如此吃惊过。”他回忆着装着摇柄的圆筒录下自己声音的那一刻。
留声机诞生于1877年。世界上发明留声机的人就是誉满全球的发明大王--托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生(Thomas Alva Edison,1847年2月11日—1931年10月18日)。爱迪生根据电话传话器里的膜板随着说话声会引起震动的现象,拿短针作了试验,从中得到很大的启发。说话的快慢高低能使短针产生相应的不同颤动  。那么,反过来,这种颤动也一定能发出原先的说话声音。于是,他开始研究声音重发的问题。
  1877年8月15日,托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生让助手克瑞西按图样制出一台由大圆筒、曲柄、受话机和膜板组成的怪机器。托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生指着这台怪机器对助手说:"这是一台会说话的机器",他取出一张锡箔,卷在刻有螺旋槽纹的金属圆筒上,让针的一头轻擦着锡箔转动,另一头和受话机连接。托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生摇动曲柄,对着受话机唱起了“玛丽有只小羊羔,雪球儿似一身毛……”。唱完后,把针又放回原处,轻悠悠地再摇动曲柄。接着,机器不紧不慢、一圈又一圈地转动着,唱起了“玛丽有只小羊羔……”,与刚才托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生唱的一模一样。在一旁的助手们,碰到一架会说话的机器,竟然惊讶得说不出话来。
  “会说话的机器”诞生的消息,轰动了全世界。1877年12月,托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生公开表演了留声机,外界舆论马上把他誉为“科学界之拿破仑·波拿巴”,是19世纪最引人振奋的三大发明之一。
  美国人托马斯·阿尔巴·爱迪生在1877年设计的留声机,是世界上最早的录音装置。
  同年12月6日,爱迪生的助手、机械工人约翰·克卢西制造出了第一台样机,并用这台样机录制了爱迪生唱的歌《玛莉的山羊》。
然而,爱迪生这项著名的发明构思,却是幸福的偶然性促成的。 一次, 爱迪生一人在静静的实验室里研究改进在纸带上打印符号的电报机。这时,电报机内的一种单调的声音吸引了他。在试图排作这种声音时,爱迪生出乎意料地发现,这是纸带在小轴压力下发出的声音。在改变小轴的压力时,声调的高度也随之变化(这其实是音乐盒的发声原理)。这就使他产生了一个念头:借助运动载体上深度不同的沟道来记录和回收声音。
  无独有偶,爱迪生在另一次试验电话的时候,发现传话筒里的膜板,随话声而震动。他找了一根针,竖立板上,用手轻轻按着上端,然后对膜板讲话。实验证明,声音愈高,颤动愈快;声间低,颤动就慢。这个发现,更奠定了发明留声机的决心。
  几天后,爱迪生就画出了草图,并立即和助手干起来,留声机的主要部件,是一个金属圆筒,圆筒边上刻有螺旋槽纹,把它按在一根长轴上,长轴一头装着曲柄,摇动曲柄,圆筒就会相应转动。此外,还有两根金属小管,管的一头装一块中心有钝头针尖的膜板。经过无数次的改造,世界上第一台留声机诞生了。爱迪生回忆说:“我大声说完一句话,机器就回放我的声音。我一生从未这样惊奇过。”
  爱迪生在发明留声机之初,就一改再改。十年过后,他又从架子上的尘埃中把留声机取下来,要继续改进它,他仅在留声机上的发明专利权就超过了一百项。他是耳聋之人(单耳),能发明这样一个发声的机器已是令人惊异了。当我们看到今天的留声机时,不要忘记这上头渗透着爱迪生无数辛勤劳动的心血。实质上,在一个多世纪以来,留声机所掀起的文明和发明巨浪影响是非常深远的,电唱机、磁带录音机、磁带录像机、激光声像机……相继问世,追溯其源头,不都是来自爱迪生的伟大发明吗?

今日视频:1、卡拉扬 柏林爱乐 贝多芬第五交响曲(1972);2、
爱迪生发明留声机的还原场景(1940年电影《伟人爱迪生》片段);3、我与留声机的渊源-留声机收藏展;4、纪录片.PBS.美国历程.爱迪生.(2015)。                          

 
 
 
 
 
   
  托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生(Thomas Alva Edison)      
  托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生是美国发明家和商人,被称为美国最伟大的发明家。他在发电、大众传播、录音和电影等领域开发了许多设备。这些发明,包括留声机、电影摄影机和早期版本的电灯泡,对现代工业化世界产生了广泛的影响。他是第一批将有组织的科学和团队合作的原则应用到发明过程中的发明家之一,与许多研究人员和雇员一起工作。他建立了第一个工业研究实验室。      
   Thomas Alva Edison was an American inventor and businessman who has been described as America's greatest inventor. He developed many devices in fields such as electric power generation, mass communication, sound recording, and motion pictures. These inventions, which include the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and early versions of the electric light bulb, have had a widespread impact on the modern industrialized world. He was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of organized science and teamwork to the process of invention, working with many researchers and employees. He established the first industrial research laboratory.      
       
  年轻的托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生(Thomas Alva Edison)      
 
     
  Today in the history of music
On August 12, 1877, Thomas Alva Edison (1847 -- 1931), at the age of 30, drew up plans for a cylinder and a crank and wrote a note to his best mechanic: "Clusie, do this."Then he shouted into the finished device, "Mary had a little lamb," and the phonograph was born."I've never been so surprised in my life."He recalls the moment he recorded his voice on a cylinder with a crank handle.
The phonograph was born in 1877.The man who invented the phonograph was Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 -- October 18, 1931), the king of invention renowned throughout the world.Edison got a lot of inspiration from his experiments with short needles, based on the phenomenon that the membrane plates in the telephone transmitter vibrate when the voice is spoken.The speed and slowness of speech make the short needle vibrate accordingly.Then, in turn, the tremor must produce the original sound.So he began to study the problem of sound reproduction.
On August 15, 1877, Thomas Alva Edison asked his assistant, Cressey, to design a strange machine consisting of a large cylinder, a crank, a receiver, and membrane plates."This is a talking machine," Thomas Alva Edison said to his assistant, pointing at the strange machine. He took a piece of tin foil, rolled it around a metal cylinder with a spiral groove on it, and made the needle rotate by gently rubbing the foil on one end and connecting it to a receiver on the other.Thomas Alva Edison cranked a crank and sang to the receiver, "Mary had a little lamb with a ball of snow like fur...".After singing, put the needle back in its place and gently shake the crank again.Then, as the machine moved slowly round and round, it sang "Mary had a little lamb...""Just like Thomas Alva Edison sang.The assistants at one side were too surprised to speak when they came across a talking machine.
The birth of the "talking machine" caused a stir all over the world.When Thomas Alva Edison performed the phonograph in December 1877, the public immediately hailed him as "The Napoleon Bonaparte of science," one of the three most exciting inventions of the 19th century.
The phonograph, designed by American Thomas Alba Edison in 1877, was the world's first recording device.
On December 6 of the same year, Edison's assistant, mechanic John Clusie, produced the first prototype and used it to record The song "Mary's Goat."
However, it was a happy accident that made Edison's famous invention possible.Once, alone in his quiet laboratory, Edison worked on improving a telegraph machine that printed symbols on paper tape.Then a monotonous sound in the telegraph attracted him.In trying to make this sound, Edison discovered, to his surprise, that it was the sound of paper tape under the pressure of a small shaft.As the pressure on the small axis changes, the pitch height changes (this is how music boxes sound).This led him to the idea of recording and retrieving sound using channels at different depths on a moving vehicle.
Similarly, on another test of the telephone, Edison discovered that the diaphragm in the transmitter vibrated with the sound of the voice.He found a needle, set the board upright, put his hand gently on the top, and spoke to the board.Experiments show that the higher the sound, the faster the vibration;If the sound is low, the vibration is slow.This discovery laid the foundation for the invention of the phonograph.
The main part of the phonograph, a metal cylinder with spiral grooves on its sides, was pressed onto a long shaft. At one end of the cylinder was a crank. When the crank was shaken, the cylinder turned accordingly.In addition, there are two metal tubules with a film plate with a blunt point in the center at one end.After numerous modifications, the world's first phonograph was born."I said a word out loud and the machine played back my voice," Edison recalled.I've never been so surprised in my life."
When Edison first invented the phonograph, he changed it again and again.Ten years later, he took the phonograph down from the dust on the shelf and went on to improve it. He patented more than a hundred inventions on the phonograph alone.He was deaf (one ear) and it was amazing that he could invent such a sounding machine.When we see today's phonograph, do not forget that it is permeated with Edison's countless hard work.In fact, in more than a century, the phonograph set off a wave of civilization and invention is very far-reaching influence, record player, tape recorder, tape recorder, laser sound and image machine......Come out one after another, trace its source, are not all from Edison's great inventions?
Today's video:1. Karajan Berlin Philharmonic Beethoven's Fifth Symphony (1972);2. The restoration scene of Edison's invention of the phonograph (from the film Great Edison in 1940);3, My origin with the phonograph - phonograph Collection exhibition;4. Documentary.PBS. The American Journey. Edison. (2015).                                                    
 

 
 
 
 
 
   
 
托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生(Thomas Alva Edison)发明留声机后的广告宣传海报
     
  Kirsten Flagstad has always been a very successful valkyries figure in Wagner's operas.                              
   
  托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生(Thomas Alva Edison)发明的留声机原型 ,展览于美国华盛顿特区美国国家历史博物馆。这件物品属于公有领域,因为它是国家博物馆的财产。博物馆内允许摄影,不受限制。      
  Exhibit in the National Museum of American History, Washington, DC, USA. This item is in the public domain because it is property of the national museum. Photography was permitted in the museum without restriction.      
  托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生出生于美国俄亥俄州米兰镇,逝世于美国新泽西州西奥兰治。发明家、企业家。
爱迪生是人类历史上第一个利用大量生产原则和电气工程研究的实验室来进行从事发明专利而对世界产生深远影响的人。他发明的留声机、电影摄影机和改进的电灯对世界有极大影响。他一生的发明共有两千多项,拥有专利一千多项。 1931年10月18日凌晨3点24分,在美国新泽西西奥兰治的家中逝世,享年84岁。爱迪生被美国的权威期刊《大西洋月刊》评为影响美国的100位人物第9名。
爱迪生是技术历史中著名的天才之一,拥有超过2000项发明,其中爱迪生的四大发明:留声机、电灯、电力系统和有声电影,丰富和改善了人类的文明生活。在美国,爱迪生名下拥有1093项专利,而他在美国、英国、法国和德国等地的专利数累计超过1500项。
留声机出世
1877年,爱迪生改进了早期由亚历山大·贝尔发明的电话机,并使之投入了实际使用,不久便开办了电话公司。爱迪生和贝尔两家敌对的公司在伦敦展开了激烈的竞争。而在改良电话机的过程中,发现传话筒里的膜板,随话声而震动,他找了一根针,竖立在膜板上,用手轻轻按着上端,然后对膜板讲话,声音的快慢高低,能使短针相应产生不同变化的颤动,爱迪生为此画出草图让助手制作出机器,再经过多次改造,第一台留声机诞生了。
     
       
  托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生(Thomas Alva Edison)和他发明的留声机合影      
  The summer season in getting close, but as we know this season will be quite different. We are so thankful for all of you that do your part by staying at home and for all the people that do so much to keep things going.
We thought we would liven up our feed with some interesting photos and stories as a little count down to the 125th anniversary celebration on July 12th! 🥳 Lets start with some portraits of Kirsten Flagstad! This first one can be seen at The Metropolitan Opera in New York!
It would be interesting to know how many of you have seen this painting in person.                                        
     
   
  托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生(Thomas Alva Edison)留声机完善后的原型      
  The completed prototype of Thomas Alva Edison's phonograph      
 
     
     
  爱迪生发明留声机的还原场景(1940年电影《伟人爱迪生》片段)      
  A scene from Edison's invention of the phonograph (from the Great Edison 1940)      
 
     
         
  我与留声机的渊源-留声机收藏展      
  留声机是一种原始放音装置,其声音储存以声学方法在唱片平面上刻出的弧形刻槽内。唱片置于转台上,在唱针之下旋转。留声机唱片能较简易地大量复制,放音时间也比大多数筒形录音介质长,因此,留声机被称为托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生(THOMAS ALVA EDISON)最伟大的发明之一。1857年,法国发明家斯科特(SCOTT)发明了的声波振记器,这是最早的原始录音机,是留声机的鼻祖。 1877年,爱迪生制造出人类史上第一部留声机,开创了储存媒体的领域。以锡箔制作滚筒录音,早期的蓄音筒唱一次只能录制一筒,      
  The phonograph is a primitive playback device that stores sound acoustically in curved grooves carved on the surface of a phonograph record.The record is placed on a turntable and spun under the stylus.The gramophone was considered one of THOMAS ALVA EDISON's greatest inventions because of its relatively easy mass reproduction and longer playback time than most barrel recording media.In 1857, French inventor SCOTT invented the acoustic phonograph, which is the earliest original recorder and the ancestor of the phonograph.In 1877, Edison made the first phonograph, which opened the field of storage media.Drums were made out of tin foil, while early accumulators recorded only one cylinder at a time,      
 
     
         
 

纪录片.PBS.美国历程.爱迪生.2015[片头][高清][英字]

     
  托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生(英语:Thomas Alva Edison,1847年2月11日-1931年10月18日),美国科学家、发明家、企业家,拥有众多重要的发明专利,被传媒授予“门洛帕克的奇才”称号的他,是世界上第一个使用大量生产原则和其工业研究实验室来进行发明创造的人。
他发明了很多东西,包括:对世界极大影响的留声机、电灯、活动电影摄影机、直流电力系统等最为人知。在美国,爱迪生名下拥有1093项专利,而他在美国、英国、法国和德国等地的专利数累计超过150项。
     
 

Thomas Alva Edison (English: Thomas Alva Edison, February 11, 1847 - on October 18, 1931), American scientists, inventors, and entrepreneurs, have many important invention patents, was awarded the title of "the wizard of menlo park" the media, he is the world's first use of a large number of production principle and its industrial research laboratory for inventions.
He is best known for inventing many things, including the phonograph, the electric light, the motion picture camera, and the dc electric power system, which greatly influenced the world.In the United States, Edison had 1,093 patents to his name, while he amassed more than 150 patents in the United States, Britain, France and Germany.

     
 
 
 
     
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