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                          莫扎特之旅-文化交流-音乐历史上的今天                    
                         
 
 
                   
                         

                   
                         
 
 

 
 

                                    田润德 编译 文/图 2020-07-08  20:36

 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  克劳德·德彪西(Achille-Claude Debussy 1862-1918      
         
 

 森本麻衣演奏德彪西《阿拉贝斯克》1号

     
  Claude Achille Debussy - Arabesque No.1      
 
     
  音乐历史上的今天

1880年7月8日,17岁(但声称20岁)的德彪西被娜吉日达·冯·梅克夫人聘为暑期钢琴教师,后者正是柴可夫斯基那谨慎的资助人。
德彪西的情感世界
就我们所知,情窦初开的德彪西的第一个对象应该是冯。梅克夫人的女儿索妮娅。关于梅克夫人的情况就不用细述了,凡了解柴科夫斯基生平的读者都不会陌生,而梅克夫人与德彪西结识则是在1881年,当时梅克夫人家正需要一位家庭音乐教师和钢琴三重奏小组的成员。在德彪西的主课老师马蒙台尔的推荐下,德彪西来到了俄国,成为了梅克夫人家中的一员。这一年的7月他初到梅克夫人的休农梭别墅,此后两年的暑假他都是在那里度过的。索妮娅是梅克夫人一大群子女中的一个,当时14岁,在她眼中20岁的德彪西是:“一个骚动不安、开朗活泼、单薄的小个子法国人,他总能让我们严肃沉闷的家变得欢快起来。”德彪西是索妮娅的钢琴老师,他们是否恋爱过目前缺乏证据,但肯定德彪西对索妮娅曾倾心不已,后来也是由于无法表达这份爱意(他们的社会地位相差很多),终至德彪西离开休农梭别墅,并永远结束了在俄罗斯的暑假生活。
索妮娅只能说是德彪西情感生活中青涩的回忆,真正在德彪西的情感世界中承担了重要的角色的是三个女人,即青年时代的杜庞,后来与他结婚的第一位妻子莉莉以及后来再婚并为他生下女儿的艾玛,三人的性格迥异,杜庞天真、莉莉激情、艾玛宁静,这也恰好是德彪西精神世界发展的历程,当德彪西的女儿秀秀出生的时候作曲家才真正找到了心灵的寄托与慰藉。
德彪西成名很晚,直到30岁才以《牧神午后》而广为人知,在那些穷困潦倒,从半夜到清晨六点都泡在小酒馆的岁月里,我们可以看到一个放纵自己情感与精力的德彪西,青年时代也许没有金钱,却有旺盛与廉价的情绪,从这层意义上说,青年德彪西是个地道的波希米亚人,这种波希米亚情结始终涌动在他的性格成长之中。在德彪西看来,与杜庞同居的十年是自己爱情生涯最纯洁与甜蜜的时期,他是个穷困潦倒的作曲家,靠杜庞洗衣服赚钱度日。嘉弗丽·杜庞被德彪西亲昵地称为“绿眼睛”,她是个十分善良、勤劳的女孩,即使是在德彪西最困难的日子里,她仍然无怨无悔地照料德彪西,后来德彪西将未完成的歌剧《罗德里戈与契明》题献给了杜庞。
但是,与杜庞的感情在1899年灰飞烟灭,因为德彪西结识了美丽的罗萨丽·泰克瑟(Rosalie Texier)小姐,小名叫莉莉(Lily)。这位法国中部出生的女孩一头金发,长得窈窕动人。德彪西不惜为她放弃了与自己有十年情谊的杜庞,为此杜庞以自杀相威胁,德彪西依然不为所动,最后杜庞只能黯然离去。1899年10月19日德彪西与莉莉结婚。德彪西不无幽默地在一封信中这样描述自己的首次正式婚姻:“莉莉·泰克瑟小姐终于要把她那不协调的名 字改为莉莉·德彪西了。这么念起来声音多么和谐……她不爱音乐,只是偶尔高兴唱一曲她自己喜爱的歌谣。”有人认为,《佩利亚斯与梅丽桑德》中梅丽桑德的形象就是德彪西依照自己妻子的原型设计的,此后,作曲家进入一生中创作的黄金时代,沉浸在激情中的德彪西完成了他一生中最伟大的一系列作品——《牧神午后前奏曲》、《佩利亚斯与梅丽桑德》、《大海》等。
然而,仅仅4年之后,德彪西便有了新欢:艾玛。德彪西结识艾玛的时候,她还是有夫之妇——西斯蒙多·巴达夫人,是一位银行家的妻子,在社会上艾玛(她娘家的名字是艾玛·穆瓦斯)是演唱福雷歌曲小有名气的歌唱家。巴达夫人的丈夫算得上是业余作曲家,还曾经在音乐学院学习过一阵,后来转而从事金融业,夫妇俩育有一对儿女,德彪西就是在钢琴课上与艾玛结识的。某日,德彪西正准备同学生一起出门散步,走到门口遇到了巴达夫人,夫人邀请德彪西乘坐她的马车到目的地去,原本打算散步的德彪西答应了夫人的盛情邀请,从此他们开始了交往。前面已经提到过,艾玛是不错的歌唱家,于是德彪西经常邀请她演唱自己的歌曲新作,有时作曲家本人担任钢琴伴奏。巴黎沙龙的花边新闻是传播速度最快的信息,为此,福雷还同德彪西闹得很不愉快。 1904年7月初,德彪西最终决定离开莉莉,他真像个不羁的波希米亚人似的离开了自己的家,与巴达夫人同居。
至于德彪西为何与莉莉分手,原因恐怕也有关孩子,莉莉似乎不能生育,而德彪西却很喜欢孩子,他的朋友路易·拉戎曾经回忆过:“德彪西一直抱怨没有孩子,我回答说:别泄气,一谈到孩子德彪西就显得快乐起来。”此外,就是德彪西的经济状况恶化,而巴达夫人很富有。7月14日,绝望的莉莉开枪自杀,就像她的前任杜庞做过的那样,子弹没有穿过心脏,她活了下来。事情发生之后德彪西曾经和父亲一起去探望过莉莉,然而百般劝阻也无法使德彪西改变心意,他毅然决然地要离开莉莉。巴黎虽然开放,但这次朋友们却都站在丁莉莉一边,他们都和德彪西保持距离,疏远了关系。
德彪西与艾玛都需要办理离婚手续,1904年8月2日,莉莉同意离婚,条件是德彪西提供她生活保障。麻烦的事情还是在艾玛那边,巴达先生整整和艾玛拖延了8个月,最后由于巴达先生本人准备与另一位漂亮的女演员结婚,离婚的事情才得以顺利解决。协议规定艾玛每年可以从前夫那里得到50000法郎的津贴,当时的50000法郎大致相当于100000美金,是一笔相当可观的财产,这也就难怪有人猜测德彪西是为了钱与艾玛结婚的了。
与艾玛结婚时,德彪西的情感世界已经平静了许多,他希望得到一个温暖的家庭与爱护自己的妻子。他晚年的好几部作品都是题献给艾玛的,如《游戏》、《法兰西歌曲3首》、《意象集》中《春天的轮舞》一首,还有最后的创作三首器乐奏鸣曲等等,都是德彪西创作中的精华。 1905年秋,德彪西终于得到上帝赐予他的珍贵礼物,他的女儿出世了,为了表示夫妇的恩爱,孩子取名为克劳德·艾玛·德彪西,各取了父母的名。不过在这个可怜女孩短暂的一生中,我们更为熟知的是她的另一个名字一秀秀(Chou Chou)。秀秀的出生使德彪西初次领略了天伦之乐的美妙,这时,德彪西的精神世界发生了微妙的转变,一个革命、激进的改革者变得内敛了,深刻了,用最简洁的笔法德彪西创作了《儿童园地》,可能他那24首钢琴前奏曲的全部魅力还抵不上这6首简短的小品。《儿童园地》也是德彪西献给女儿4岁生日的礼物,1913年,德彪西还为女儿写过一部儿童芭蕾舞剧《玩具盒》。然而,秀秀命运多舛,于1919年去世,仅比她的父亲多活了一年,离世时年仅14岁。
1918年,德彪西在被疾病榨到油尽灯枯之后撒手人寰,死时近乎孑然一身,他只给艾玛留下了不值钱的名望,一年后秀秀夭折,艾玛在两年中经受了家庭的变故的重大打击,但她还是顽强地活下去,于1934年去世,最后长眠在丈夫和女儿的身旁。莉莉比艾玛早些时候去世,没能活过60岁,晚景凄凉,杜庞更是不知所终,在这一生中,德彪西究竟最爱哪个女人,看来只有上帝和他自己才会知道了。

今日视频:
1、森本麻衣演奏德彪西《阿拉贝斯克》1号;2、米开朗基利演奏克劳德·德彪西的《儿童园地》。

 
 
 
 
 
   
  1885年,23岁的德彪西(白衣者)——于罗马      
   
  克劳德·德彪西(Achille-Claude Debussy )落魄的时候寄居在肖松的家中。      
 
     
  Today in the history of music
In 1880, at the age of 17 (but claiming to be 20), Debussy was hired as a summer piano teacher by Madame Nadege von Meck, Tchaikovsky's discreet patron.
Debussy's emotional world
As far as we know, Debussy's first object of affection was Von.Mrs. Mack's daughter Sonia.No reader of Tchaikovsky's life will be unfamiliar with Madame Von Meck, who met Debussy in 1881 when the family needed a home music teacher and a piano trio.On the recommendation of Mamontel, Debussy's main teacher, Debussy came to Russia and became a member of Madame Maxime's family.That July he first came to Mrs. Meck's cottage, and spent the next two summers there.Sonia was one of Madame Meck's large brood. Debussy, then 14, was, in her eyes, 20: "a restless, cheerful, thin little Frenchman who always brightened up our grave and dreary home."Debussy is Sonia's piano teacher, whether they fell in love at present lack of evidence, but it is certain that Debussy once fell in love with Sonia, and later also because of the inability to express this love (their social status is very different), eventually Debussy left The Villa Of Suonoso, and permanently ended their summer life in Russia.
Sonia was only young memory in Debussy emotional life, truly in the emotional world of Debussy is the important role of three women, namely youth Du Pang, later married his first wife, lily, and later remarried and gave birth to his daughter Emma, three different personality, Du Pang innocence, lily passion, Emma is halcyon, this also happens to be on the development of the spiritual world of Debussy, when composer Debussy's daughter born show really found the bailment and comfort of the mind.
Debussy famous late, until she was in her 30 s to the fauns afternoon is known, in the impoverished, from midnight to 6 o 'clock in the morning in the tavern's days, we can see a self-indulgent emotion and energy Debussy, youth may not have the money, but there are strong and cheap emotions, from this sense, the youth of Debussy's a Bohemian, the surge of Bohemian complex always grow in his character.In Debussy's opinion, the ten years he lived with Dupon was the purest and sweet period of his love life. He was a composer in poverty and depended on Dubussy to wash clothes to make a living."Green eyes", as She was affectionately called by Debussy, was a very kind and hard-working girl. Even in Debussy's most difficult days, she took care of Debussy without any complaint. Later, Debussy dedicated the unfinished opera "Rodrigo and Chemin" to Debussy.
However, the relationship with Dupham collapsed in 1899 as Debussy met the beautiful Miss Rosalie Texier, nicknamed Lily.The girl, born in central France, has blonde hair and is long and charming.Debussy not hesitate for her to give up with his ten years friendship Du Pang, for this Du Pang to suicide threat, Debussy still unmoved, finally Du Pang can only leave.Debussy married Lily on October 19, 1899.Debussy wrote humorously of his first official marriage in a letter: "Miss Lily Twixser is finally going to change her incongruous name to Lily Debussy.How harmonious it sounds...She is not fond of music, and only delights once in a while to sing a ballad of her own making."Somebody thinks, peja arias and merry Thornton is merry Thornton's image in Debussy, according to the prototype design of his wife, after that, the composer in the golden age of life creation, immersed in a passion of Debussy completed the greatest series of works in his life - the fauns afternoon preludes, peja arias and merry sander, "the sea" and so on.
However, just four years later, Debussy had a new love interest: Emma.When Debussy met Emma, she was still married -- Madame Cismondo Bada, the wife of a banker, and Emma (her family name was Emma Movas) was a somewhat famous singer in the world of Faure.She was married to an amateur composer who studied in a conservatory before turning to finance. They had a son and a daughter, whom Debussy met at piano lessons.One day, Debussy is about to go out for a walk with his students. They meet At the door of the house. Madame invites Debussy to take her carriage to the destination.As mentioned earlier, Emma was a good singer, so Debussy often invited her to sing his new songs, and sometimes the composer himself accompanied on the piano.The tidbits of the Paris salon were the swiftest of the information, and for this Reason Faure was very unhappy with Debussy.At the beginning of July 1904, Debussy finally decided to leave Lili, leaving his home like a Bohemian and living with Lady Bada.
As for the reason why Debussy broke up with Lily, I'm afraid it had something to do with children. Lily seemed unable to have children, while Debussy loved children. His friend Louis Larong once recalled, "Debussy always complained about not having children.In addition, Debussy's financial situation deteriorated, and Madame Bada was rich.On July 14, a desperate Lily shot herself, as her predecessor, Dupon, had done. The bullet did not go through the heart, and she survived.After the incident, Debussy once went to visit Lily with his father. However, despite all dissuasion, Debussy could not change his mind, so he decided to leave Lily.Although Paris is open, but this time friends are on the side of Ding Lili, they are keeping their distance from Debussy, distant relations.
Both Debussy and Emma needed a divorce, and on August 2, 1904, Lily agreed to a divorce on the condition that Debussy provided for her security.The trouble was on Emma's side. Mr. Bada delayed with Emma for eight months, and the divorce was finally settled because Mr. Bada himself was going to marry another beautiful actress.It was agreed that Emma would receive a stipend of 50,000 francs a year from her ex-husband, which at the time was roughly equivalent to $100,000, a considerable sum of money, which led to speculation that Debussy was marrying Emma for money.
 
 

 
 
 
 
     
   
  克劳德·德彪西(Claude Debussy)和罗萨丽·泰克瑟(Rosalie Texier)(莉莉)      
   
  德彪西(Claude Debussy)和他的女儿秀秀      
  By the time he married Emma, Debussy's emotional world had calmed down a lot. He wanted a warm family and a loving wife.Several of his works in his later years were dedicated to Emma, such as "Game", "3 Songs of France", "A Spring Dance" in "Collection of Images", and the last three instrumental sonatas. All these are the essence of Debussy's creation.In the fall of 1905, Debussy finally got the precious gift from God, his daughter was born, in order to show the couple's love, the child was named Claude Emma Debussy, each took the name of the parents.But in this poor girl's short life, she was better known by another name, Yi Xiu (Chou Chou).Show the birth of the first appreciate the beauty of the happiness that Debussy, at this moment, Debussy spirit there has been a subtle shift in the world, and a revolution, the radical reformers becomes inside collect, deep, with the most concise brushwork Debussy wrote the children's corner ", may all the charm of his 24 piano preludes less than these 6 first brief sketch."The Children's Garden" was also a gift for his daughter's fourth birthday. In 1913, Debussy wrote a children's ballet "The Toy Box" for his daughter.However, Xiu was unlucky and died in 1919, only one year longer than her father, at the age of 14.
 In 1918, Debussy squeezed by the disease to the oil lamp after dry died, died almost alone, he only gave Emma a worthless fame, a year after the show, Emma in the past two years has undergone the change of family big blow, but she still stubbornly survive, died in 1934, finally buried beside her husband and daughter.Lily died earlier than Emma, did not live past the age of 60, the night scene is sad, Dubon is not even known, in this life, Debussy who love the woman, it seems that only God and himself will know.
 Today's video: 1, Morimoto Sackie Debussy "Arabesques" 1;2. Michelangelo plays Claude Debussy's Children's Garden
     
       
  克劳德·德彪西(Achille-Claude Debussy)      
 
     
       
  日本钢琴家森本 麻衣(もりもと まい)      
  森本麻衣(森本麻衣)是日本的钢琴演奏者。 出生于爱媛县松山市。
爱媛县立松山东高等学校普通科毕业2008年东京艺术大学音乐学部钢琴科毕业2013年3月东京艺术大学研究生院音乐研究科硕士课程器乐科毕业,以“对名单匈牙利狂诗曲的考察”为题执笔硕士论文。 2010年休学于东京艺术大学研究生院,留学于德国国立慕尼黑音乐·戏剧大学研究生院。
     
   
  森本 麻衣(もりもと まい)      
  森本 麻衣(もりもと まい)は、日本のピアノ奏者。愛媛県松山市出身。
愛媛県立松山東高等学校普通科卒業 2008年 東京藝術大学音楽学部ピアノ科卒業 2013年3月 東京芸術大学大学院音楽研究科修士課程器楽科修了、「リストのハンガリー狂詩曲への一考察」と題し修士論文を執筆。 2010年 東京芸術大学大学院を休学し、ドイツ国立ミュンヘン音楽・演劇大学大学院に留学。
     
 
     
         
  阿图罗·贝内代蒂·米开朗基利演奏克劳德·德彪西的《儿童园地》
格拉达斯博士,00:00
吉米的摇篮曲02:13
给洋娃娃的小夜曲05:51
雪在跳舞08:23
《牧羊人》11:12
怪物的踢踏舞33
     
  Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli plays Claude Debussy Childrend's Corner
Doctor Gradus ad Parnassum 00:00
Jimbo's Lullaby 02:13
Serenade for the Doll 05:51
The Snow is dancing 08:23
The little Shepherd 11:12
Golliwog's Cakewalk 13:33
     
 
 
 
     
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