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| 乔治·格什温（George Gershwin,1898－1937） | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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【古典】乔治·格什温: 蓝色狂想曲-钢琴 |
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原曲: George Gershwin - Rhapsody in Blue
演奏者: Leonard Bernstein 演奏乐器: 钢琴， 交响乐简介补充: George Gershwin - Rhapsody in Blue - New York Philharmonic (1976) |
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音乐历史上的今天 1924年2月12日,乔治.格什温在纽约风神音乐厅演奏了《蓝色狂想曲》，这是一场由保罗.怀特曼（Paul Whiteman，1890——1967）举办的爵士音乐会。“天正下着雪，但是男男女女推搡着、争先恐后地想挤进门来，仿佛他们是在棒球场，或者在争夺大奖，又像是在挤地铁......（《狂想曲》）是为爵士乐队而作，我不相信别人可以把这完成得如此地道......我的23名乐队成员那天演奏了36种乐器。” 乔治·格什温是美国爵士时代最著名的作曲家和钢琴家。1898年9月2 6日，他出生在纽约市布鲁克林区。他的父亲是俄国移民，以开小铺为生。童年的格什温在贫困中成长，当然没有条件接受正规的音乐教育。12岁时，家庭经济状况有了好转，买了钢琴，他才开始学习演奏。此后，他又拜师系统地学习和声、对位与配器。 1937年6月，格什温正在好莱坞为一部电影音乐配器，突然头晕病发，经诊断为脑瘤。由于发现得晚，格什温在手术后仅一个月就在好莱坞逝世了。为纪念这位杰出的作曲家，纽约爱乐交响乐团每年举行格什温作品专题音乐会。1 9 4 5年，华纳兄弟影片公司还以格什温的音乐及生平为基础拍摄电影，并十分恰当地将这部影片取名为《蓝色狂想曲》。
1914年，格什温在纽约锡盘巷雷米克出版公司做钢琴师和歌曲宣传员。1916年，他辞去工作，在此后的4年中专注于歌曲的创作，这段时间的实践为以后创作大型的音乐剧打下了基础。格什温从1926年开始收集毕加索和夏加尔等当代重要艺术家的绘画作品，并于翌年开始从事油画和素描的创作；有一段时期，他甚至把大部分时间用于作画。 今日视频：伯恩斯坦演奏、指挥纽约爱乐乐团演绎格什温的《蓝色狂想曲 》 。 |
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| 1934年，格什温在纽约寓所边弹琴边作曲的情形。格什温具有超凡的听觉和惊人的记忆力，他曾说：“我不仅用耳朵听，还用神经、智慧和心灵去倾听，直到回到家中，音乐仍在想像中演奏着，于是坐到钢琴前，把听到的又奏了出来。 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Today in music
history On February 12, 1924, George Gershwin performed rhapsody in blue, a jazz concert by Paul Whiteman (1890 -- 1967), at the wind god hall in New York."It's snowing, but men and women are pushing and jostling to get through the door, as if they're at the ballpark, or fighting for a big prize, or squeezing into the subway..."Rhapsody" was for a jazz band, and I don't think anyone else could have done it so well...My 23 band members played 36 instruments that day." George Gershwin was the most famous American composer and pianist of the jazz age.He was born in brooklyn, New York, on September 26, 1898.His father was a Russian immigrant who ran a small shop for a living.Growing up in poverty, Gershwin certainly did not have the means to receive a formal music education.At the age of 12, when his family's financial situation improved and he bought a piano, he began to learn to play.After that, he systematically learned harmony, counterpoint and orchestration. In June 1937, Gershwin was in Hollywood to compose music for a movie when he was diagnosed with a brain tumor after a bout of dizziness.Discovered late, Gershwin died in Hollywood just a month after the operation.In honor of this outstanding composer, the New York Philharmonic orchestra holds an annual special concert of Gershwin's works.In 1955, warner bros. also made a film based on Gershwin's music and life, aptly titled rhapsody in blue. In 1914, Gershwin worked as a piano player and song promoter for the remick publishing company in tin pan lane, New York.He quit his job in 1916 and spent the next four years writing songs, a period of practice that laid the foundation for big musicals.Gershwin began collecting paintings by important contemporary artists such as Picasso and chagall in 1926 and began painting and sketching the following year.At one point, he even spent most of his time painting. Gershwin playing while composing in his New York apartment in 1934.Gershwin, a man of extraordinary hearing and memory, once said, "I listen not only with my ears, but with my nerves, my intellect, and my heart. When I get home, the music is still playing in my imagination, so I sit down at the piano and play back what I hear. Gershwin is very accomplished in the creation of musicals. His music combines the essence of American black music and the melody is warm and touching.The greatest value of Gershwin's music creation lies in the organic fusion of American popular music with "serious music" in concert halls and opera houses, creating a new paradigm of so-called symphonic jazz.Lacking in technique, Gershwin wrote by self-study, with a strong sense of music, abundant inspiration, and talent and intuition.True, in his works also implies some disadvantages, such as the structure of a bloated, instruments lacks clarity, and besides USES the monotonous repetition, in terms of expanding vehicle occasionally seem a bit powerless, but, in the profound melody, pure and fresh idea and basic trained rhythm, etc, under the control of those disadvantages appear insignificant, in spite of his flaws. Gershwin's rhapsody in blue was a success.This work was created at the invitation of Paul Whitman for his 1924 "experiment in modern music" concert. The work is set as a coherent piece of music.Gershwin composed the entire piece, with the exception of a few cadenza solos. "Rhapsody in blue" is written for piano and orchestra and similar to single movement, the theme of improvisational expression with symphony development organically unifies in together, the black blues music mode harmony factors, the segmentation of strong rhythm of jazz music and glide effect, has given the idea unique works a different color. The piece begins with a vibrato in the solo clarinet bass, which is the basis of an ascending scale, and when the scale reaches the highest note, a major theme of the work bursts forth. Then the French horn and the saxophone struck up a rhythmic theme, which was very close to the clarinet theme, as if it were a transformation or continuation of the theme, only stronger than the former, and with an obvious dance-style. The piano is joined by another variation and leads to a brilliant recital of the themes.In the middle of the piece is a beautiful song played by a stringed instrument, which is the center of the song and one of the most famous passages in American music.The whole band gleefully repeated the melody and the piano briefly explained it.The music is broad, fluid, tender and sentimental, in a style similar to the basic theme of the first movement of Tchaikovsky's piano concerto no. 1. A change of pace brings the music to a close, and the whole band, having recaptured the main theme with thunderous vigour, finishes the piece brilliantly with a growing chord. Video of the day: Bernstein performs and conducts Gershwin's rhapsody in blue with the New York Philharmonic. |
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| 乔治·格什温（George Gershwin,） | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1924年3月发表交响曲《蓝色狂想曲》，获得巨大成功，使他成为世界级作曲家，克莱斯勒、艾尔曼、拉赫玛尼诺夫、斯特拉文斯基等当代音乐家参加了首演。1925年，纽约爱乐乐团开始委托他作曲，由于未接受过正统的音乐教育，此时他花费了很大的精力学习作曲理论，并得到了杜克（VernonDuke）、列万特（OscarLevant）和勋伯格等作曲家的帮助。1928年赴巴黎休养又推出交响诗《一个美国人在巴黎》，奠定了他在美国乐坛的作曲家地位。他的音乐剧《开始奏乐》（1927）、《疯狂女郎》（1930）、《我为你歌唱》（1931）曾轰动一时。《我为你歌唱》对美国总统选举予以辛辣讽刺，音乐轻快活泼，特具美国爵士流行风味，荣获普利策奖。30年代起开始涉足电影音乐，为好莱坞电影作曲。1935年完成影响巨大的黑人歌剧《波吉和贝丝》（PorgyandBess）。 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In March 1924, he published the symphony rhapsody in blue, which was a great success and made him a world-class composer. Contemporary musicians such as Chrysler, allman, rachmaninoff and stravinsky attended the premiere.In 1925, the New York Philharmonic began to commission him to compose, and because of his lack of formal musical education, he spent much of his time learning the theory of composition, with the help of composers such as the VernonDuke, levant and schoenberg.In 1928, he went to Paris for a rest and released the symphonic poem "an American in Paris", which established him as a composer in American music.His musicals start playing (1927), crazy girl (1930) and I sing for you (1931) were big hits."I sing for you" is a scathing satire on the us presidential election. The music is brisk and lively.Began to dabble in film music in the 1930s, composing for Hollywood films.In 1935 he finished the influential black opera "PorgyandBess." | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 保罗.怀特曼（Paul Whiteman，1890——1967） | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 保罗·塞缪尔·怀特曼是美国的乐队指挥、作曲家、管弦乐指挥和小提琴家。作为20世纪20年代和30年代初美国最受欢迎的舞蹈乐队之一的领袖，怀特曼制作的唱片非常成功，媒体常常称他为“爵士乐之王”。他的一些最受欢迎的唱片包括《低语》、《瓦伦西亚》、《凌晨三点钟》、《在一个西班牙小镇上》和《木制士兵的游行》。保罗·怀特曼(Paul Whiteman)领导了一个通常规模较大的合奏团，并探索了多种音乐风格，比如将交响乐和爵士乐融合在一起，比如他的首张专辑乔治·格什温(George Gershwin)的《蓝色狂想曲》(Rhapsody in Blue)。 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Paul Whiteman Bandleader Paul Samuel Whiteman was an American bandleader, composer, orchestral director, and violist. As the leader of one of the most popular dance bands in the United States during the 1920s and early 1930s, Whiteman produced recordings that were immensely successful, and press notices often referred to him as the "King of Jazz". Some of his most popular recordings included "Whispering", "Valencia", "Three O'Clock In The Morning", "In A Little Spanish Town", and "Parade Of The Wooden Soldiers". Paul Whiteman led a usually large ensemble and explored many styles of music, such as blending symphonic music and jazz, as in his debut of Rhapsody in Blue by George Gershwin. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 纽约风神音乐厅外景，乔治·格什温(George Gershwin)的《蓝色狂想曲》当年的首演就在这里举办。 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 纽约风神音乐厅内景 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
【格什温】【Gershwin】一个米国人在巴黎 An American in Paris |
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| 交响诗《一个美国人在巴黎》 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1927年，格什温的这首新曲实际上是一部狂想性的芭蕾舞剧。它写得非常自由，是迄今为止我所尝试过的最新式的音乐。开头部分要用一种典型的法国风格，用德彪西以及6人团的方式来加以展开。 “在欢快的开头部分之后，是一段丰满的布鲁斯音调，它附带着一股强劲的节奏潜流。” 接下来你要想像在5月或6月的一个温暖晴朗的早晨，有个游览巴黎的美国人正沿着香榭里舍大街逛去。他既是一位旅游者，就不做准备地信步走去，而且立即又随着第一步行主题的音调全速离去。第一步行主题是一段坦率的自然音阶旋律，意在表达对高卢人的自由快乐的一种观感。 “我们这位美国人竖起耳朵l睁大眼睛，愉悦地注意着这座城市的声响。“安全地避开出租汽车以后，我们这位美国人显然走过一家敞开大门的咖啡馆，要是你喜欢长号的话，那么咖啡馆里马克西塞舞照样在此风靡一时。这使他想起快活的20世纪，从而振奋起来，随着第二步行主题继续闲逛。这个主题由单簧管用带着浓厚的美国味儿的法国腔调吹出。 “这时，美国人的路线变得有点模糊不清了。也许他继续沿着香榭里舍大街往前走去，也许他已拐入岔道——作曲者在这一点上保持虚心。不过由于紧接着是一个技术上所谓的桥梁经过句，人们便有理由把上述做法假设成格什温的笔在一只看不见的手的指使下瞎写了一个音乐双关语，而当第三步行主题最终出现时，我们这位美国人已渡过塞纳河置身于左岸的某处了。 突然间他完全明白了，他不属于这个地方，他是全世界最不幸的家伙，是一个外国人。凉爽蔚蓝的巴黎天空，远处直冲云霄的埃菲尔铁塔，码头上的书亭，阳光斑驳的白色街道上树叶的图案——这一切异国之美又有什么用处？他不是波德莱尔，不想超然于尘世之外。尘世正是他所渴望的，尘世正是他最最熟悉的；那是个不太可爱的尘世——多愁善感，也许还有点儿粗俗——然而不管怎么样，那毕竟是他的家啊。 “不过怀乡病并不是一种致命的疾病，而且在这种情况下也没有持续得太久。就在这个关键时刻，好心的乐队匆忙抬出另一个主题来解救。两支小号表演起见面的礼仪。显然我们的男主角遇到了一位同胞，因为这最后一个主题是支喧闹、快活、自信的查尔斯顿舞，它的血管中没有半滴高卢人的血。 “在狂欢的终曲中，乐队决定通宵宴庆。回到家里总是件好事嘛；可眼下，这是巴黎啊！” |
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In 1927, Gershwin's new song was actually a wild
ballet.It's very free to write, and it's the latest
music I've ever tried.The opening part will be in a
typical French style, with Debussy and the six-man
group. "After the upbeat opening is a rich blues note with a strong undercurrent of rhythm." Next, imagine an American visiting Paris on a warm, sunny morning in May or June, strolling down the champs elysees.Being a tourist, he sauntered off unprepared, and at once left at full speed with the tone of the first theme of walking.The first theme of the walk is a frank diatonic melody intended to express a sense of Gaul's joy in freedom. "Our American ears are pricked up and our eyes are wide with delight at the sound of the city."After safely avoiding the taxi, our American apparently passed by an open cafe where, if you like trombone, the maxie dance is all the more popular.This reminded him of the gay 20th century, and thus cheered him up, as the second theme of the walk continued to wander.The theme is played by the clarinet in a French accent with a strong American accent. "At this point, the American line gets a little fuzzy.Perhaps he went on down the champs elysees, perhaps he had turned a corner -- the composer was modest in this.But for the so-called bridge followed by a technical through words, people have reason to the above assumes as Gershwin's pen in an invisible hand under blind wrote a pun on music, walking and when the third topic finally appeared, we have crossed the left bank of the Seine in the American somewhere. Suddenly it dawned on him that he didn't belong here, that he was the unluckiest guy in the world, a foreigner.The cool blue Paris sky, the Eiffel Tower soaring into the sky in the distance, the book pavilion on the pier, the pattern of leaves on the sunlit white street -- what good is all this foreign beauty?He was no baudelaire and did not want to be above the world.It was the world he longed for, the world he knew best;It was not a very lovely world -- sentimental, perhaps a little vulgar -- but it was his home, after all. "But homesickness is not a fatal disease, and it does not last long in this case.At this critical moment, the kind band rushed out another theme to save the day.The two trumpets performed the courtesy.Apparently our hero has met a fellow countryman, for this last theme is a noisy, gay, confident Charleston without a drop of Gaul in its veins. "In the finale of the carnival, the band decided to feast all night.It's always good to be home;But now, this is Paris!" |
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