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莫扎特之旅－文化交流－音乐历史上的今天


	田润德编译文/图 2020-02-10 16:36

普罗科菲耶夫（Sergei·Sergeyevich·Prokofiev，1891－1953）

【钢琴】普罗科菲耶夫第二钢琴协奏曲 (王羽佳演奏)

g小调第二钢琴协奏曲，OP.16，作于1913年，因当时同班好友斯密特霍夫自杀，故此曲呈献给斯密特霍夫·因原谱丢失，普罗科菲耶夫1923年凭记忆再整理而成。新颖的和弦和配器、具有浓重普氏风格的乐思，是此曲的一大特征。此曲1913年8月23日由普罗科菲耶夫主奏而首演。

音乐历史上的今天

1948年2月10日，苏维埃苏共中央响应斯大林同志对当前音乐界发起的第二轮批评，谴责“肖斯塔科维奇、普罗科菲耶夫、哈恰图良、舍巴林、波波夫、米雅斯科维斯基等同志谱写形式主义腐朽堕落的音乐，反对人民民主，脱离人民群众及其艺术品位”。普罗科菲耶夫回应道：“无论这会给我辈作曲同仁，包括我本人带来何种伤害，我拥护苏共中央有关为苏联音乐体制建立健康发展条件的政策.....我从来不怀疑旋律的重要性。我极其热爱旋律......”

在苏联“音乐和革命是深切关联的......每一次革命都是一部宏伟的交响曲”。普罗科菲耶夫生活在十月革命的前后，也经历了列宁时代和斯大林时代，他深深见证了音乐家们的反抗与归顺。非常不可思议的是他临终和他的死对头，对艺术管控极端严格的斯大林死在同一天。

在俄罗斯的音乐家看来，普罗科菲耶夫是一个非常耀眼的明星，他同时代的著名的钢琴家涅高兹曾经说过：“普罗科菲耶夫的名字理应在当代世界最杰出的四五位作曲家之列。他的资质，他的丰富多样的创作，他的高超的技巧和明确的艺术风貌都给上述理论提供了充分的根据。”
“这位作曲家十分年轻时所写的初期作品以其不同寻常的独创性震惊了世界。这是一种表露了“崭新意念的崭新语言。”他最初的听众立即分成两个十分对立的阵营；热情的赞赏者和愤怒的职摘者。他的作品音乐会既引起阵阵掌声也招来刺耳嘘声。而普罗科菲耶夫对此高兴胜于困惑。
中年以后，普罗科菲耶夫已经不再对“为新颖而追求新颖”感兴趣了，他首先打算的是自成一格。他的和声语言基本上是自然音体系的，但他富于“突然性”，不协和音以陡然的“变化”使他的和声语言显得特别的清新明晰，但有时也显得突兀、严刻。由于具有合乎逻辑的、强劲的调性结构，他的和声手法都没有令人感到“为不协和音而不协和音”。——肖斯塔科维奇
后来就任基辅音乐学院院长的格里爱尔，是普罗科菲耶夫最好的启蒙老师。那时普罗科菲耶夫才十一二岁，格里爱尔二十八.九岁。格里爱尔对这个音乐才子非常赏识，后来他说：“我有幸成为谢辽沙·普罗科菲耶夫少年才能迅猛成长的直接目睹者”。在普罗科菲耶夫整整一生中都与格里爱尔保持了亲密的友谊。

今日视频：王羽佳演奏普罗科菲耶夫第二钢琴协奏曲。

普罗科菲耶夫在创作中（Sergei·Sergeyevich·Prokofiev)

Today in music history
On February 10, 1948, Soviet and the response of the Soviet communist party comrade Stalin launched the second round of criticism on the current music scene, denounced "shostakovich, prokofiev, HMV, bahrain, popov, mia, nowitzki comrade composed of formalism decadent music, such as opposed to people's democracy and from the masses and its artistic grade".Prokofiev responded, "whatever harm this may cause my fellow composers, including myself, I support the communist party's policy of establishing healthy conditions for the development of the Soviet musical system...I never doubted the importance of melody.I love melody so much..."
In the Soviet union "music and revolution are deeply connected...Every revolution is a magnificent symphony.Prokofiev lived before and after the October revolution, during the Lenin and Stalin eras, and he witnessed the resistance and submission of musicians.Incredibly, he died on the same day as his Nemesis, Stalin, who was extremely strict with his art.
In the eyes of Russian musicians, prokofiev is a very bright star. His famous contemporary pianist niegorz once said: "prokofiev's name deserves to be among the four or five most outstanding composers in the contemporary world.His qualifications, his rich variety of works, his great skill, and his definite artistic style, all lend themselves well to this theory."
"The composer's early works, written when he was very young, shocked the world with their extraordinary originality.It is a "new language of new ideas."His initial audience immediately divided into two very opposing camps;Enthusiastic admirers and angry boosters.His concert drew both applause and raucous boos.Mr Prokofiev was happier than puzzled.
After middle age, prokofiev was no longer interested in "novelty for novelty's sake.His harmonic language is basically a natural sound system, but he is full of "sudden", dissonance with a sudden "change" make his harmonic language appear particularly fresh and clear, but sometimes also appear abrupt and severe.Because of its logical and strong tonal structure, his harmonic technique does not feel "dissonant for dissonant.""-- shostakovich
Grier, who later became President of the Kiev conservatory, was prokofiev's best abecedarian.Prokofiev was only eleven or twelve years old, and grier was twenty-eight and nine.Grier was so impressed with the musical talent that he later said, "I had the privilege of being a direct witness to the rapid growth of seryosha prokofiev's teenage talents."Prokofiev maintained a close friendship with grier throughout his life.
Today's video: wang yujia plays prokofiev's second piano concerto.

普罗科菲耶夫和肖斯塔科维奇

普罗科菲耶夫

王羽佳简介

评论界的盛赞和观众的热烈掌声一直伴随着王羽佳耀眼的演艺生涯。这位出生于北京的钢琴家，以其富有魅力的艺术和迷人的舞台表现而闻名，她将在2019-20音乐季达到新的高度，包括独奏会、音乐会系列，以及与一些世界上最受尊敬的乐团和指挥家的季驻场演出和广泛的巡演。这一季的亮点包括由子在巴比肯中心举办的为期一年的“艺术家聚焦”，在那里她策划并在四个不同的活动中表演:约翰·亚当斯最新钢琴协奏曲的首次伦敦演出(2019年春天由她首演)题为“必须魔鬼有所有的好曲调吗?”与洛杉矶爱乐乐团(Los Angeles Philharmonic)和大师古斯塔沃·杜达梅尔(Gustavo Dudamel)合作，他们将把演出带到波士顿和纽约;独奏会由大提琴家戈蒂埃Capuçon和单簧管演奏家安德烈亚斯·奥滕萨默(Andreas Ottensamer)领衔;她以个人独奏会结束实习期。
ritical superlatives and audience ovations have continuously followed Yuja Wang’s dazzling career. The Beijing-born pianist, celebrated for her charismatic artistry and captivating stage presence, is set to achieve new heights during the 2019-20 season, which features recitals, concert series, as well as season residencies and extensive tours with some of the world’s most venerated ensembles and conductors. Season highlights include Yuja’s year-long “Artist Spotlight” at the Barbican Centre, where she curates and performs in four distinct events: the first London performance of John Adams’ newest piano concerto (premiered by her in Spring 2019) titled “Must the Devil Have All the Good Tunes?” with the Los Angeles Philharmonic and Maestro Gustavo Dudamel, which they take to Boston and New York City; recitals featuring cellist Gautier Capuçon and clarinetist Andreas Ottensamer; and she concludes the residency with a solo recital.

2019年秋，她将随维也纳爱乐乐团在中国巡演，在澳门、广州、上海、武汉等地举办音乐会。2020年年初，尤佳和戈蒂埃Capuçon重聚举行独奏巡演，包括在欧洲的首演场馆举行的11场演出，包括巴黎爱乐音乐厅和维也纳音乐厅。然后她开始了一场广泛的个人独奏巡演，在北美和欧洲的著名音乐厅出现，包括卡内基音乐厅，戴维斯交响乐厅，和Het Concertgebouw，从2月到4月。此外，王羽佳还将与北美的一些主要交响乐团合作，包括波士顿交响乐团，由Andris Nelsons指挥;由古斯塔沃·吉梅诺指挥的多伦多交响乐团;迈克尔·蒂尔森·托马斯指挥的旧金山交响乐团;费城管弦乐团，在Yannick的音乐指导下Nézet-Séguin。
In autumn of 2019, she tours China with the Wiener Philharmoniker, presenting concerts in Macao, Guangzhou, Shanghai, and Wuhan. The beginning of 2020 sees Yuja and Gautier Capuçon reuniting for a recital tour featuring eleven dates presented in Europe’s premiere venues, including the Philharmonie de Paris and the Wiener Konzerthaus. She then embarks on an extensive solo recital tour, appearing in renowned concert halls throughout North America and Europe, including Carnegie Hall, Davies Symphony Hall, and the Het Concertgebouw, running from February to April.

Additionally, Ms. Wang will be the featured soloist with some of the leading orchestras of North America, including the Boston Symphony Orchestra, under the baton of Andris Nelsons; the Toronto Symphony, conducted by Gustavo Gimeno; the San Francisco Symphony, led by Michael Tilson Thomas; and the Philadelphia Orchestra, under the musical direction of Yannick Nézet-Séguin.

王羽佳出生于北京的一个音乐世家。在中国学习钢琴后，她在加拿大和费城的柯蒂斯音乐学院接受了高级培训，导师是加里·格拉夫曼。2007年，她取代玛莎·阿格里奇成为波士顿交响乐团的独奏家，在国际上取得了突破。两年后，她与德国留声机公司(Deutsche Grammophon)签订了独家合同，并凭借一系列广受好评的演出和唱片在世界领先艺术家中确立了自己的地位。羽佳被评为2017年美国音乐年度艺术家。
Yuja Wang was born into a musical family in Beijing. After childhood piano studies in China, she received advanced training in Canada and at Philadelphia’s Curtis Institute of Music under Gary Graffman. Her international breakthrough came in 2007 when she replaced Martha Argerich as soloist with the Boston Symphony Orchestra. Two years later, she signed an exclusive contract with Deutsche Grammophon and has since established her place among the world’s leading artists, with a succession of critically acclaimed performances and recordings.

Yuja was named Musical America’s Artist of the Year in 2017.

她将技术上的轻松、色彩的丰富和纯粹的力量结合在一起，一直都是令人瞩目的……但如今，她的音乐水平越来越有深度，以令人信服的直接感将你带入每一位作曲家的世界。——英国《金融时报》
Her combination of technical ease, colouristic range and sheer power has always been remarkable … but these days there is an ever-greater depth to her musicianship, drawing you into the world of each composer with compelling immediacy. – Financial Times
　

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