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曼努埃尔·德·法雅（Manuel de Falla y Matheu，1876－1946） |
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曼努埃尔·德·法雅作品选 |
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| Selected Works of Manuel de Faya | ||||||||||||||||||
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音乐历史上的今天 1876年11月23日, 曼努埃尔·德·法雅出生在西班牙西南部的腓尼基人用城墙围起来的小城加的斯。
曼努埃尔·德·法雅（Manuel de Falla y
Matheu，1876年11月23日－1946年11月14日），西班牙作曲家，生于加的斯。自幼随母习琴，9岁接触钢琴，1890年赴马德里皇家音乐学院系统学习钢琴及作曲，1899年毕业。1905年以西班牙首部用本国语言创作的歌剧《人生朝露》初露锋芒
。1907年旅居巴黎期间受德彪西、拉威尔影响，创作兼具西班牙民族音乐元素与印象派技法。1914年返西班牙后陆续完成芭蕾舞剧《魔法师之恋》《三角帽》、钢琴与乐队组曲《西班牙庭院之夜》等代表作。1939年西班牙内战结束后移居阿根廷，1946年逝世于上格拉西亚，次年遗骸迁葬至加的斯大教堂
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| 曼努埃尔·德·法雅（Manuel de Falla y Matheu，1876－1946） | ||||||||||||||||||
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作曲家曼努埃尔·德·法雅（1876 -
1946）的画像。博物馆：曼努埃尔·德·法雅博物馆。 Portrait of the Composer Manuel de Falla (1876-1946). Museum: CASA MUSEO MANUEL DE FALLA. |
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| \\\曼努埃尔·德·法雅轶事五则\\\ | ||||||||||||||||||
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曼努埃尔·德·法雅是西班牙古典音乐史上最具代表性的人物之一，他的生活和创作充满了许多有趣且富有启发性的轶事。以下是一些关于他的精彩故事： 1. 极致的完美主义者与“焚稿”疑云 法雅是出了名的完美主义者和严苛的自我批评者。他对自己的作品要求极高，创作速度非常缓慢。 他最著名的轶事之一是关于他未完成的歌剧《亚特兰蒂斯》。他为此投入了将近20年的心血，但直到去世也未能完成。传说他对自己不满意的草稿会毫不犹豫地销毁。更有一种流传甚广的说法是，他临终前在病榻上曾试图烧掉《亚特兰蒂斯》的总谱，幸好被及时发现并阻止，这部巨作才得以在他去世后由他的学生埃内斯托·哈夫特完成。 这种对完美的执着也体现在他微量的作品目录上。他的每一部成熟作品，如《爱情魔法师》、《三角帽》和《西班牙花园之夜》，都堪称精品，经过了千锤百炼。 2. 巴黎的“西班牙”洗礼 1907年至1914年，法雅居住在巴黎，并与当时欧洲音乐界的巨擘德彪西、拉威尔、杜卡以及作曲家阿尔贝尼斯结下了深厚的友谊。 据说，有一次德彪西在听到法雅带来的西班牙民歌后，半开玩笑地对他说：“我的朋友，你的音乐天赋是毋庸置疑的。但请记住，永远不要被过度华丽的技巧所迷惑。你的根在西班牙，你应该从那里汲取最纯粹的灵感。” 这次对话（或类似的艺术交流）深深地触动了法雅。他意识到，他的使命不是简单地模仿法国印象派，而是要用最精炼、最现代的技法，去表现西班牙民间音乐最深邃的灵魂。这段经历帮助他找到了自己独特的音乐语言。 3. 《三角帽》首演的“意外”成功 1919年，谢尔盖·佳吉列夫的俄罗斯芭蕾舞团在伦敦首演了芭蕾舞剧《三角帽》，由毕加索负责舞台和服装设计，马辛编舞。 首演当晚，主演莱奥尼德·马辛的服装出了意外——他的裤子在表演过程中掉了下来！这个意外引得全场哄堂大笑。然而，这个插曲非但没有搞砸演出，反而与剧中幽默、戏谑的情节意外地契合，活跃了现场气氛，成为了一场传奇性的首演。 这次演出获得了巨大的成功，使法雅的国际声誉达到了顶峰。毕加索设计的那个著名的“漏斗形”舞台幕布，也成为了艺术史上的经典。 4. 虔诚而简朴的苦行僧生活 法雅是一个极其虔诚的天主教徒，生活简朴得近乎苦行。 他终身未婚，将自己的全部生命奉献给了音乐和信仰。他的住所总是非常简朴，据说他经常把大部分收入都捐给了穷人。他每天都会花大量时间祈祷和冥想。在创作《彼得大师的木偶戏》时，他为了精确表现剧中牧师的角色，甚至专门去观察和记录神父做弥撒时的动作和语调。 这种宗教虔诚深刻地影响了他的音乐，尤其是在像《彼得大师的木偶戏》这样的作品中，充满了对宗教仪式的戏仿与虔诚并存的复杂情感。 5. 内战中的流亡与对佛朗哥的拒绝 西班牙内战爆发后，法雅因为他的自由主义观点而处境危险。1939年，他接受了阿根廷的邀请前往布宜诺斯艾利斯指挥几场音乐会，并从此留在了那里，直至去世。 佛朗哥政权赢得内战后，曾试图将法雅这位“西班牙文化瑰宝”召回国内，并为他提供了丰厚的待遇和荣誉。然而，法雅坚决拒绝了。他无法认同佛朗哥的政权，宁愿在异国他乡度过余生。 这一决定充分体现了法雅正直不阿的品格和对个人信念的坚守。他最终安葬于阿根廷，但他的心脏根据他的遗愿被送回了祖国，安放在他故乡加的斯大教堂的墓中。 曼努埃尔·德·法雅的形象通过这些轶事变得立体而生动：他既是一位将西班牙民族音乐提升到世界级高度的艺术大师，也是一位在生活中严于律己、简朴虔诚的隐士。他的故事告诉我们，伟大的艺术往往源于对完美的无限追求、对根源的深刻理解，以及对信念的无比忠诚。——莫扎特之旅 |
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曼努埃尔·德·法雅（右二）在格拉纳达附近的阿尔普贾拉，与左至右依次为：费德里科·加西亚·洛尔卡、何塞·塞古拉、安东尼奥·卢纳和雷·阿瓜多（最右边）。这张照片由洛尔卡拍摄，题为：“坚硬的颈项”（“The
stiff collars”）。法雅：西班牙作曲家，1876 - 1946 年。照片由恩里克·贝克拍摄。 说明文字由我们的撰稿人提供。 |
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Manuel de Falla (2nd right)
at the Alpujarra near Granada, with from l. to r.: Federico Garcia
Lorca, Jose Segura, Antonio Luna and R. Aguado (far right). Photograph
entitled by Lorca :'Los cuellos duros' ('The stiff collars'). Falla:
Spanish composer, 1876-1946. Photo Enrique Beck. Captions are provided by our contributors. |
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| 曼努埃尔·德·法雅（Manuel de Falla y Matheu）的唱片 | ||||||||||||||||||
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| 曼努埃尔·德·法雅（Manuel de Falla y Matheu）钢琴独奏作品集 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Manuel de Falla y Matheu's Collection of Piano Solo Works | ||||||||||||||||||
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| 曼努埃尔·德·法雅（Manuel de Falla y Matheu）的唱片 | ||||||||||||||||||
| The recordings of Manuel de Falla y Matheu | ||||||||||||||||||
| Manuel de Falla was one of the most representative figures in the history of Spanish classical music. His life and creations were filled with many interesting and inspiring anecdotes. Here are some wonderful stories about him: 1. The extreme perfectionist and the "burning manuscripts" mystery. Falla was known as a perfectionist and a strict self-critic. He had extremely high standards for his works and his creative speed was very slow. One of his most famous anecdotes was about his unfinished opera "Atlantis". He devoted nearly 20 years to it, but he never completed it until his death. It was said that he would destroy his unsatisfactory drafts without hesitation. There was also a widely circulated story that he tried to burn the score of "Atlantis" on his deathbed, fortunately, it was discovered and prevented in time, and this masterpiece was completed by his student Ernesto Hafet after his death. · Impact: This obsession with perfection was also reflected in his catalog of minor works. Each of his mature works, such as "The Magic of Love", "The Triangular Hat", and "The Spanish Garden Night", is considered a masterpiece, having undergone countless refinements. 2. The "Spanish" baptism in Paris. From 1907 to 1914, Falla lived in Paris and formed deep friendships with the giants of European music at that time, Debussy, Ravel, Dukas, and composer Albertini. It is said that once Debussy, after hearing the Spanish folk songs brought by Falla, jokingly said to him, "My friend, your musical talent is beyond doubt. But please remember, never be deceived by overly ornate techniques. Your roots are in Spain, and you should draw the purest inspiration from there." This conversation (or similar artistic exchanges) deeply touched Falla. He realized that his mission was not simply to imitate the French Impressionists, but to use the most refined and modern techniques to express the deepest soul of Spanish folk music. This experience helped him find his own unique musical language. 3. The "accidental" success of the premiere of "The Triangular Hat" In 1919, Sergei Diaghilev's Russian Ballet Company premiered the ballet "The Triangular Hat" in London, with Picasso responsible for the stage and costume design and Masin as the choreographer. On the opening night, the actor Leonid Masin's costume had an accident - his pants fell off during the performance! This accident caused the audience to burst into laughter. However, this incident did not ruin the performance; instead, it unexpectedly matched the humorous and playful plot of the play, enlivening the atmosphere and becoming a legendary premiere. · Impact: This performance achieved great success, bringing Falla's international reputation to its peak. The famous "funnel-shaped" stage curtain designed by Picasso also became a classic in art history. 4. The devout and simple ascetic life Falla was an extremely devout Catholic and lived a simple life almost to the point of asceticism. He never married and dedicated his entire life to music and faith. His residence was always very simple, and it is said that he often donated most of his income to the poor. He spent a lot of time praying and meditating every day. When creating "The Puppet Show of Master Peter", he even went to observe and record the actions and tones of the priest during the Mass. · Impact: This religious devotion profoundly influenced his music, especially in works like "The Puppet Show of Master Peter", which is filled with the complex emotions of the imitation and sincerity of religious rituals. 5. Exile during the Civil War and rejection of Franco After the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, Falla was in danger due to his liberal views. In 1939, he accepted an invitation from Argentina and went to Buenos Aires to conduct several concerts. From then on, he remained there until his death. After Franco's regime won the civil war, they attempted to bring Faya, the "Spanish cultural treasure", back to the country and offered him generous treatment and honors. However, Faya firmly refused. He could not accept Franco's regime and preferred to spend the rest of his life in a foreign land. This decision fully demonstrated Faya's upright and unyielding character and his commitment to his personal beliefs. He was eventually buried in Argentina, but according to his wishes, his heart was sent back to his homeland and placed in his hometown church of Cádiz. The image of Manuel de Faya becomes vivid through these anecdotes: he was not only an artistic master who elevated Spanish national music to a world-class level, but also a hermit who was strict with himself, simple and devout in life. His story tells us that great art often stems from the infinite pursuit of perfection, a profound understanding of the roots, and an unwavering loyalty to beliefs. — Mozart's Journey | ||||||||||||||||||
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| 曼努埃尔·德·法雅（Manuel de Falla y Matheu）的演出海报 | ||||||||||||||||||
| The commemorative stamps of Manuel de Falla y Matheu issued by the Spanish Post Office | ||||||||||||||||||
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| 曼努埃尔·德·法雅（Manuel de Falla y Matheu）的唱片 | ||||||||||||||||||
| The commemorative stamps of Manuel de Falla y Matheu issued by the Spanish Post Office | ||||||||||||||||||
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| 西班牙邮政局发行的曼努埃尔·德·法雅（Manuel de Falla y Matheu）的纪念邮票 | ||||||||||||||||||
| The commemorative stamps of Manuel de Falla y Matheu issued by the Spanish Post Office | ||||||||||||||||||
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| 曼努埃尔·德·法雅，1876 - 1946 年。《一位音乐家的形象》。《图像学》。《音乐家的形象》。《图像学》 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Manuel De Falla, 1876 - 1946. La Imagen De Un Musico. Iconografia. The Image Of A Musician. Iconography | ||||||||||||||||||
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作者：E. 巴蒂斯塔·加西亚、J. 塞乌尔·帕哈雷斯、M.
克里斯托菲罗迪斯、J. 德·佩尔西亚、G. F. 库尔茨。配有插图。内容也提供英文版本。精装书套装。每本附赠一个展示盒。 Reseña del libro "Manuel De Falla, 1876 - 1946. La Imagen De Un Musico. Iconografia. The Image Of A Musician. Iconography" Textos De E. Bautista García, J. Suárez - Pajares, M. Christoforidis, J. De Persia, G. F. Kurtz. Fotogr. Ilstr. Textos También En Inglés. Enc. Cart. Ed. Ejemplar Contenido En Un Estuche |
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| 德·法雅芭蕾舞剧《魔法师之恋》中的"火祭舞"的手稿 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Scribal music manuscript, signed by Falla and inscribed with an autograph quotation, of the 'Danza ritual del Fuego' from El amor brujo, [c.1939] | ||||||||||||||||||
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Siloti had been at one time Franz Liszt’s favorite student. He had
studied composition with Tchaikovsky and orchestration with
Rimsky-Korsakov, and had been the teacher of Sergei Rachmaninoff, who
was his cousin. He was also the brother-in-law of the painter Leon Bakst
and had married the daughter of Paul Tretyakov, the famous patron and
art collector. Born in 1863, he had had a brilliant career as a pianist,
spending ten years concertizing throughout Europe and touring the United
States in 1898. Siloti later devoted his time to conducting. In 1903, he
created the Siloti Concerts in St. Petersburg, thanks to his wife’s
considerable fortune. Until 1917, the programming was a permanent
festival, attracting the most prestigious soloists and conductors of
that time: Ysaÿe, Casals, Chaliapin, Rachmaninoff, Auer, Enesco,
Hofmann, Nikisch, Mengelberg, Weingartner… Contemporary music was
well-represented with works by Debussy, Elgar, Sibelius, Mahler, Richard
Strauss, Rimsky-Korsakov, Prokofiev, and Stravinsky. The Siloti Salon
was the favorite meeting place for high society and the artistic
avant-garde of musicians, painters, writers and theatre people. After the Revolution, the Bolsheviks offered Siloti various responsibilities, including the direction of the Mariinsky Theatre, but the rampant instability, violence and misery made him decide to flee the country in 1919. After a disappointing move to England, he decided to go to the United States in 1922. He had given up conducting and resumed his career as pianist, but after a few tours, he played less and less often in public. One of his last concerts was with the New York Philharmonic under Toscanini in November 1930. He was still at the peak of his artistry and performed two works by Liszt (the Danse Macabre and the arrangement of Schubert’s Wanderer Fantasy). He gave another recital at Carnegie Hall the next year but from then on, devoted himself mainly to teaching. He accepted a position at the Juilliard School in 1924, and held it until 1942, three years before his death. He also taught private students in his apartment at the Ansonia Hotel where – just as in the old days – he continued to receive all the artists of the Russian diaspora, including Rachmaninoff, Stravinsky, Koussevitsky, and the daughter of Leon Tolstoy |
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| 曼努埃尔·德·法雅（1876 - 1946）无日期纪念章（1946年） 致敬并纪念这位著名的西班牙作曲家——作品：《特鲁吉》，由米兰的约翰逊工厂发行——AE（规格：85.64 毫米×60 毫米） | ||||||||||||||||||
| Manuel De Falla (1876-1946) Medaglia senza data (1946) A ricordo e onore del celebre compositore spagnolo - Opus: Teruggi, emissione degli Stabilimenti Johnson di Milano - AE (g 85,64 - Ø 60 mm) | ||||||||||||||||||
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伊格纳西奥·祖洛加·伊·萨巴莱塔所绘的曼努埃尔·德·法雅肖像。可作为画布、照片纸、水彩板、未涂覆纸或日本纸材质的艺术印刷品购买。 墨水瓶 · 音乐曲谱 · 空秃的 · 眼镜 · 西班牙作曲家 · 男性 · 坐着 · 祖洛加收藏，祖马亚，古比斯科，西班牙 / 布里吉曼图像公司 |
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Portrait of Manuel de Falla
by Ignacio Zuloaga y Zabaleta. Available as an art print on canvas,
photo paper, watercolor board, uncoated paper or Japanese paper. ink well · musical score · bald · spectacles · spanish composer · male · seated · Zuloaga Collection, Zumaya, Guipuzcoa, Spain / Bridgeman Images |
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| 法雅，曼努埃尔·德。（1876 - 1946 年）。原版 1946 年节目单。这是一份精美的节目单，是为纪念西班牙作曲家而举办的致敬音乐会的节目单，该音乐会是在他去世四个月后举行的。在塔拉萨的格兰赌场举行，节目单由何塞·萨巴特指挥巴塞罗那古典管弦乐团，并由罗莎·萨巴特担任钢琴伴奏，演出的曲目包括《魔幻之爱》《西班牙花园之夜》《三顶帽子》和《短暂的生命》。 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Falla, Manuel de. (1876-1946). . Original 1946 Program. A beautifully printed program from a tribute concert honoring the Spanish composer four months after his death. At the Gran Casino in Tarrasa, the program featured The Orquestra Clasica de Barcelona directed by José Sabater and with the pianist Rosa Sabater, in performances of El Amor Brujo, Noches en los Jardines de Espana, El Sombrero de Tres Picos, and La Vida Breve. | ||||||||||||||||||
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| 一座纪念西班牙作曲家曼努埃尔·德·法雅的纪念碑矗立在加的斯。这座纪念碑以浮雕肖像为主题，背景是棕榈树和橙花丛。——加的斯 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Commemorative monument honoring Spanish composer Manuel de Falla, featuring a bas relief portrait amid palm trees and orange flowers in Cadiz - CADIZ, | ||||||||||||||||||
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Today in music
history:
November 23, 1876 Manuel de Falla was born in Cádiz, a small city surrounded by walls by the Phoenicians in the southwestern part of Spain. Manuel de Falla (Manuel de Falla y Matheu, November 23, 1876 - November 14, 1946) was a Spanish composer. He was born in Cádiz. From a young age, he learned the piano with his mother. At the age of 9, he began to study the piano and composition at the Royal Conservatory of Music in Madrid. In 1890, he graduated. In 1905, he made his debut with the Spanish opera "The Morning Dew", which was the first opera written in the Spanish language. In 1907, during his stay in Paris, he was influenced by Debussy and Ravel, and created works that combined Spanish folk music elements with impressionist techniques. After returning to Spain in 1914, he completed representative works such as the ballet "The Lovers' Love Affair", "The Triangular Hat", and the piano and orchestra suite "The Night of the Spanish Courtyard". In 1939, after the end of the Spanish Civil War, he moved to Argentina. He died in Upper Gracia in 1946, and his remains were later transferred to the Cathedral of Cádiz. His works blend Andalusian folk music with modern techniques, and the themes often draw inspiration from Spanish customs and landscapes, including the "Fire Sacrifice Dance" in "The Love Magician" and the "Interlude and Dance" in "The Morning Dew". As an important composer of the 20th century, Falla created very few works but all maintained extremely high standards. In his later years, he continued his exploration of national music with the piano concerto and unfinished oratorio. In 2023, the BBC Proms in the UK performed excerpts from his opera "Prelude and Dance", and in the same year, the 16th "Meet Beijing" Art Festival concert performed three of his works. Today's video: 1. Selected Works of Falla; 2. Rubinstein's Performance of Falla's "The Night of the Spanish Garden"; 3. Rubinstein's Performance of Falla's "The Fire Sacrifice Dance". |
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【法雅/鲁宾斯坦】西班牙花园之夜 (钢琴与乐队) |
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| Falla: Noches en los Jardines de España | ||||||||||||||||||
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作曲 曼努埃尔·德·法雅 Manuel de Falla y Matheu 钢琴：阿图尔·鲁宾斯坦（Arthur Rubinstein） 指挥：恩里克·霍尔达（Enrique Jorda） 乐队：旧金山交响乐团（San Francisco Symphony） 此外我还见过鲁宾斯坦与Ormandy、Ansermet合作的版本 “《德·法雅:西班牙花园之夜》为钢琴和乐队而写的，是法雅最优秀的音乐作品之一，在作者的同类作品中占有特别重要的地位。法雅关于这部作品的初步设想是在1909年形成的，当时他打算写一套由三首夜曲组成的钢琴曲。在这期间不止一位朋友敦促他，要他把这套钢琴曲改成一首乐队音诗。这些人中对法雅影响最大的恐怕要算西班牙著名作曲家阿尔贝尼兹（Issac M.F.Albeniz，1860——1909）了，法雅曾把酝酿好的夜曲主题以及片断弹给他听，而他则建议法雅把它们写成一首以一架钢琴为主要声部的乐队作品。法雅接受了这个建议，并在1915年将作品完成，并题名“为钢琴和乐队而写的交响印象”。 "De Falla: The Spanish Garden Night" was composed for piano and orchestra and is one of the most outstanding musical works of Falla. It holds a particularly significant position among the author's similar works. Falla's initial conception of this piece was formed in 1909. At that time, he intended to write a set of three nocturnes for the piano. During this period, more than one friend urged him to change this piano piece into a band sonata. Among these people, the one who had the greatest influence on Falla was probably the famous Spanish composer Issac M.F. Albeniz (1860 - 1909). Falla had played the developed nocturne themes and fragments to him, and he suggested that Falla write them into a band work with the piano as the main part. Falla accepted this suggestion and completed the work in 1915, naming it "Symphonic Impression for Piano and Orchestra". |
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阿瑟·鲁宾斯坦演奏德·法雅的《火祭舞》 |
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Arthur Rubinstein - De Falla Ritual Fire Dance |
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