1823年10月25日

韦伯的《欧丽安特》 （Euryantbe）在维也纳取得成功，“100支笔已就绪，1000个拳头已握紧，为了日耳曼艺术而战！”（韦伯之子语）。
卡尔·马利亚·冯·韦伯(Carl Maria von Veber),1786年11月 8日出生于德国奥伊廷，1826年6月5日逝于英国伦敦，终年还不到40岁。
韦伯是杰出的钢琴家，德国浪漫主义作曲家。是德国浪漫主义歌剧的奠基人，标题音乐的先驱。
韦伯的祖父是奥地利的一个喜爱戏剧的男爵。这位男爵的两个儿子都在18世纪30年代战争期间移居德国，次子便是韦伯的父亲，长子的女儿后来成为莫扎特的妻子，故而莫扎特是韦伯的堂姐夫。韦伯的父亲是个音乐家，曾组织过一个小型的旅行剧团，母亲是父亲的第二任妻子，是一位著名歌唱家。韦伯在少儿时就随他同父异母的格格学钢琴，并经常随父亲带领的剧团四处旅行演出。他的叔叔、姑姑等家人也大都与音乐或舞台有缘。他儿时的大部分时间是在剧院的后台度过的，因此对戏剧和民俗都有较深的体验。
韦伯幼年时就表现出惊人的音乐才华。10岁时来到希德堡豪森学钢琴，最终成长为一名卓越的钢琴家。他的钢琴演奏技巧，可以说是李斯特、肖邦的先驱。韦伯去世时，他们还都是十多岁的少年。韦伯12岁时来到瞥尔茨堡，师从海顿的弟弟米夏埃尔。十五六岁开始创作歌剧。 17岁时师从作曲家福格勒学作曲。经福格勒推荐，18岁的韦伯便担任了布雷斯劳市乐队的指挥，不久又在符滕堡弗里德里一世宫廷担任秘书。这一时期的韦伯生活放荡，债台高筑，他因此被驱逐出境，到处流浪避难。看来父子二人逃至曼海姆，在此结识了许多有影响的艺术家。韦伯的大部分器乐曲也是在这一时期写成的。
1813年，27岁的韦伯赴布拉格歌剧院担任指挥，指挥演出了莫扎特、贝多芬等人的歌剧和交响曲，因其选曲方式新颖，排练、舞台设计、调度得当，并且经营有方而颇受欢迎。1817年，31岁的韦伯抵达德累斯顿，出任德国歌剧院指挥，与在《西尔瓦纳》（由韦伯少年时期创作的成名作《森林少女》改编的歌剧）中担任女主角的卡罗琳·勃兰特结婚，一改放荡的陋习，成为一名爱家庭的好丈夫。
韦伯也属于早年成名的音乐大师。少年时期创作的歌剧《森林少女》、《彼德斯摩尔与他的邻居》首演时就获得巨大的成功。但他的传世之作大半是婚后完成的。1821年，他34岁时创作了他的歌剧代表作，也可以说是德国歌剧的代表作——《魔弹射手》（又名《自由射手》）。这部作品以前所未有的浪漫主义气质和民族风格，为歌剧创作开创了一条新的道路，使韦伯在音乐史上占据了一个重要地位，并被赞誉为德国浪漫主义歌剧的先驱和民族英雄。他深受贝多芬的赞赏，二人成为好友。但他的下一个歌剧《欧丽安特》的失败给了他很大的打击，有人说韦伯因此一下子老了10岁。他未满39岁就肺病复发，但仍抱病为伦敦葛登斯签约的英文歌剧《奥伯龙》赶稿、排练。作品演出后获得很大的成功，但繁忙的工作和对爱妻的思念更加重了他的病情。1826年6月5日，他在准备回国的前一天，悄然逝于伦敦的一家旅店中。人们以隆重的葬礼将他安葬于伦敦。15年后，在时任德累斯顿德国歌剧院指挥的瓦格纳的倡议下，他的遗骸被移葬于德累斯顿大教堂。
今日视频：1、韦伯《欧丽安特序曲》 伯恩斯坦指挥维也纳爱乐乐团；2、韦伯《奥伯龙序曲》，塞巴斯蒂安·魏格勒；3、佩里·苏指挥演奏韦伯的《邀舞》。

寻求新的合作：韦伯在《魔弹射手》大获成功之后，与之前的剧作家金特关系恶化。因此，他转而邀请了在德累斯顿结识的女诗人冯·谢齐（Helmina von Chézy）撰写剧本。
· 剧本的挑战：冯·谢齐提供的剧本在戏剧结构上存在一些问题，情节冗长且不易理解。据说韦伯对剧本并不满意，要求修改了多达11次，甚至亲自参与了修改，比如将人物名字德国化，并增加了幽灵等奇幻元素以贴合浪漫主义风格。
· 音乐上的革新：尽管剧本存在缺陷，但韦伯在音乐上进行了大胆的创新。乐评家汉斯力克曾赞誉其"大胆的和声法与调性处理"。作曲家舒曼也对其管弦乐配器，特别是弦乐与木管的处理手法赞叹不已。这些创新对瓦格纳等后来的作曲家产生了影响。
📖 歌剧故事情节：
《欧丽安特》的故事背景设定在12世纪初的法国，核心围绕着一对恋人阿德拉与欧丽安特因嫉妒和欺骗经历的考验。
主要人物：要理解这个故事，我们需要先了解几位核心人物，我用表格为你梳理了一下：
角色 声部 简介
欧丽安特 女高音 阿德拉的妻子，纯洁而忠贞
阿德拉 男高音 奈威尔伯爵，欧丽安特的丈夫
李贾特 男中音 佛烈斯特伯爵，阴谋的策划者
爱格兰汀 女高音 叛逆者的女儿，欧丽安特的女官，暗恋阿德拉
国王路德维希六世 男中音 法国的国王
剧情梗概
· 第一幕：赌约与秘密
在国王的宫殿里，阿德拉因思念妻子欧丽安特而郁郁寡欢。伯爵李贾特嘲讽阿德拉过于信任妻子的忠贞，两人因此立下赌约：李贾特若能证明欧丽安特不贞，将赢得阿德拉的全部财产。
与此同时，在奈威尔城堡，欧丽安特向女官爱格兰汀透露了一个秘密：阿德拉已故的姐姐恩玛因情人战死而自杀，其灵魂不得安息，唯有纯洁之人的眼泪才能解救她。暗恋阿德拉的爱格兰汀认为有机可乘，与到来的李贾特结成同盟，企图利用这个秘密陷害欧丽安特。
· 第二幕：阴谋与背叛
李贾特和爱格兰汀联手设计。在国王主持的宫廷聚会上，李贾特当众出示了作为"定情信物"的恩玛的戒指，并复述了欧丽安特告诉爱格兰汀的秘密，污蔑欧丽安特不忠。
阿德拉因家丑（姐姐自杀违背教义）被公开且信以为真，在震惊与愤怒中输掉了赌约，并强行带走了欧丽安特。
· 第三幕：磨难与昭雪
阿德拉将欧丽安特带至荒野，意图处决她。危急关头，巨蛇袭击阿德拉，欧丽安特舍身相救，此举让阿德拉动摇，最终弃她而去。
欧丽安特后被国王和猎人所救并陈述真相。剧情最终在李贾特与爱格兰汀的婚礼上迎来高潮，真相大白：爱格兰汀因目睹恩玛幽灵而精神崩溃并忏悔。欧丽安特的纯洁之泪最终洗清了冤屈，解救了恩玛的灵魂，也与阿德拉重归于好。
音乐特色与后世影响
《欧丽安特》在音乐上有其独特之处：
· 丰富的管弦乐法：韦伯在此剧中展现了高超的配器技巧，特别是弦乐与木管乐器的运用，极具表现力。例如序曲中运用了"幽灵音乐"来营造神秘氛围，人物登场也有特定的音乐动机。
· 对后世的影响：尽管《欧丽安特》因剧本问题全本演出不多，但其在音乐上的探索，如主导动机的雏形、和声与调性的大胆处理，被公认对瓦格纳的乐剧产生了重要影响。它被视为德国浪漫主义歌剧发展中的重要一环。

根据现有的资料来看，作曲家卡尔·马利亚·冯·韦伯与沃尔夫冈·阿玛多伊斯·莫扎特确实存在姻亲关系，韦伯是莫扎特妻子的堂弟。
亲属关系说明，具体的亲属关系可以通过下表来了解：人物 关系说明 参考来源，康斯坦斯·韦伯 莫扎特的妻子。
卡尔·马利亚·冯·韦伯 康斯坦斯·韦伯的堂弟。其父亲是康斯坦斯父亲的同父异母兄弟。 多个权威的音乐资料网站和百科也印证了这一点，指出韦伯的堂姐康斯坦斯·韦伯就是莫扎特的妻子，他们之间存在姻亲关系。
🎼 音乐家族的背景，值得一提的是，韦伯家族在当时是一个音乐人才辈出的家族。家庭背景：韦伯的父亲是巡回剧团的经理，母亲是一名歌手。他还有两位姐姐与莫扎特有着密切的联系，其中大堂姐约瑟芬·韦伯是莫扎特称赞的花腔女高音，也是《魔笛》中夜后的最早扮演者。
     莫扎特与韦伯家的渊源：莫扎特在早年与韦伯一家关系密切，他最初爱上的是康斯坦斯的二姐阿洛伊西亚，但最终在1782年与康斯坦斯·韦伯结婚。
💎 综上所述，卡尔·马利亚·冯·韦伯与莫扎特并非血亲，而是通过莫扎特的妻子康斯坦斯·韦伯联系起来的姻亲堂弟关系。
希望以上信息能够帮助你厘清这两位作曲家之间的关系。如果你对韦伯作为“德国浪漫主义歌剧奠基人”的音乐成就感兴趣，我很乐意为你提供更多介绍。来信地址：tianyin888777@163.com.——莫扎特之旅

🎻 Family relationship description, the specific family relationship can be understood through the following table: Character relationship description reference source, Constance weber, Mozart 's wife. Karl Maria von Weber, the cousin of Constance Weber. His father was the half-brother of Constance's father. Several authoritative music resource websites and encyclopedias also confirm this point, indicating that Constance Weber, Weber's cousin, was Mozart's wife, and there was a marital relationship between them.

🎼 Background of the musical family. It is worth mentioning that the Weber family was a family that produced many musical talents at that time. Family background: Webb's father is the manager of a touring troupe and his mother is a singer. He also had two elder sisters who were closely related to Mozart. Among them, his eldest cousin, Josephine Weber, was a coloratura soprano praised by Mozart and was also the earliest actress to play the night Queen in "The Magic Flute". Mozart's connection with the Weber family: Mozart had a close relationship with the Weber family in his early years. He initially fell in love with Alexia, the second sister of Constance, but eventually married Constance Weber in 1782.

💎 To sum up, Karl Maria von weber and Mozart were not blood relatives but were related by marriage through Mozart's wife, Constance Weber. It is hoped that the above information can help you clarify the relationship between these two composers. If you are interested in Weber's musical sense of achievement as the "founder of German Romantic opera", I would be more than happy to provide you with more information. Address: tianyin888777@163.com. -- Mozart 's journey.

 October 25, 1823. Weber's "Euryantbe" achieved success in Vienna. "100 pens are ready, 1000 fists are clenched, for the German art to fight!" (Weber's son said).

Carl Maria von Weber, born on November 8, 1786 in Oeytin, Germany, died in London, England on June 5, 1826, at the age of less than 40. Weber was an outstanding pianist and a German Romantic composer. He was the founder of German Romantic opera and a pioneer of title music. Weber's grandfather was a baron who loved drama in Austria. The two sons of this baron moved to Germany during the war in the 1730s. The second son was Weber's father, and the daughter of the elder son later became Mozart's wife, so Mozart was Weber's cousin-in-law. Weber's father was a musician and had organized a small traveling theater troupe. His mother was his second wife and was a famous singer. Weber spent most of his childhood in the backstage of the theater, thus having a deep experience in drama and folk customs.

Weber showed astonishing musical talent at a young age. At the age of 10, he came to Hosen in Heidelberg to learn the piano and eventually became an outstanding pianist. His piano playing skills can be regarded as the forerunners of Liszt and Chopin. When Weber died, they were all still teenagers. Weber came to Wetzlar at the age of 12 and studied under Haydn's younger brother Michael. At the age of 15 or 16, he began to compose operas. At the age of 17, he studied composition under the composer Fugger. Recommended by Fugger, at the age of 18, Weber was appointed as the conductor of the orchestra in Breslau and later served as a secretary at the court of Frederick I of Württemberg. During this period, Weber lived dissolutely and was heavily in debt. He was thus expelled from his home and wandered in search of refuge. It seems that the father and son fled to Mannheim, where they met many influential artists. Most of Weber's instrumental music was written during this period. In 1813, at the age of 27, Weber went to the Prague Opera House to serve as the conductor and performed operas and symphonies by Mozart, Beethoven, etc. Because of his innovative selection of works, proper rehearsal, stage design, and scheduling, as well as good management, he was very popular. In 1817, at the age of 31, Weber arrived in Dresden and became the conductor of the German opera house. He married Caroline Brandt, who played the leading role in the opera "Silvana" (adapted from Weber's early成名 work "The Forest Maiden")， and changed his dissolute habits to become a good husband who loves his family. Weber also belongs to the musical masters who became famous at an early age. The operas "The Forest Maiden" and "Peter Smol and His Neighbor" written in his youth premiered with great success. But most of his masterpieces were completed after marriage. In 1821， at the age of 34， he created his representative opera， which can also be regarded as the representative opera of Germany - "The Magic Archer" (also known as "The Free Archer"). This work， with unprecedented romanticism and national style， opened up a new path for opera composition， enabling Weber to occupy an important position in music history and being praised as the pioneer and national hero of German Romantic opera. He was highly praised by Beethoven， and the two became good friends. However， his next opera "Euryantbe" failed， which gave him a great blow. Some people said that Weber suddenly became 10 years older. Before he was 39， he suffered from lung disease again， but still fought against illness to finish the manuscript and rehearsals for the English opera "Oberon" signed by Gordon in London. The performance of the work was highly successful, but the busy work and his longing for his beloved wife worsened his condition. On June 5, 1826, the day before he was preparing to return to his homeland, he quietly passed away in a hotel in London. People buried him with a grand funeral in London. Fifteen years later, at the initiative of Wagner, who was the conductor of the German Opera House in Dresden at that time, his remains were reburied in the Cathedral of Dresden.

Today's video: 1. Weber: "Olynter Overture" - conducted by Bernstein with the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra; 2. Weber's "Oberon Overture" - Sebastian Wigger; 3. Perry Su conducting and performing Weber's "The Waltz Invitation".

韦伯《奥伯龙序曲》，塞巴斯蒂安·魏格勒，柏林爱乐2025.3.22。

Weber Oberon Overture

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