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田润德
编译文/图 2020-10-21
20:36 |
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多梅尼科·唐尼采蒂(Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti 1797 - 1848) |
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朱塞佩迪 斯苔芳诺 Giuseppe di Stefano 《偷洒一滴泪》(Una furtiva lagrima
) 多尼采蒂歌剧《爱的甘醇》(1955年) |
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音乐历史上的今天
1838年10月21日,唐尼采蒂租得一间巴黎公寓,和阿道夫
·亚当(《吉塞尔》的作者)住在同一幢楼里,亚当注意到“他工作时没有钢琴,写作时也不停;你难以相信他正在作曲,直到发现他完全不用草稿”。
多梅尼科·加埃托诺·玛丽亚·唐尼采蒂(Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti 1797 -
1848)出生于意大利贝加莫一个没有音乐背景的贫困家庭。在他年仅九岁时,他就成为了德国作曲家约翰·西蒙·迈尔的音乐学徒。在迈尔的帮助下,唐尼采蒂于
1815 年在博隆加著名的慈善音乐学校学习音乐。
如今,唐尼采蒂被誉为“美声唱法”三大歌剧领袖之一,另外两位是罗西尼和贝利尼。他能够在很短的时间内创作出新的作品,包括60多部意大利语和法语歌剧以及许多康塔塔、弦乐四重奏和五重奏。他的作品常常受到自己生活和经历的启发。1830年,他的歌剧《安娜·波莱娜》大获成功,在国际上名声鹊起,他的歌剧《爱的甘醇》和《拉美莫尔的露琪亚
》也保持了他的明星地位。
在他48岁的时候,唐尼采蒂的健康状况开始恶化。在巴黎和维也纳度过了大部分的职业生涯后,他回到了家乡贝加莫,并于1848年在朋友中间去世。
今日视频:1、斯苔芳诺 演唱《偷洒一滴泪》选自唐尼采蒂歌剧《爱的甘醇》(1955年);2、唐尼采蒂的歌剧《拉美莫尔的露琪亚 》大都会歌剧院。
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多梅尼科·唐尼采蒂 |
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多梅尼科·唐尼采蒂主要作品: |
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《皮马利昂王》 (Il
Pigmalione,1816年)
《勃艮第的亨利》 (Enrico di Borgogna,1818年)
《彼得大帝》 (Pietro il grande,1819年)
《格拉那达的佐拉依达》 (Zoraida di Granata,1822年)
《吉普赛女郎》 (La Zingara,1822年)
《阿尔弗雷德大帝》 (Alfredo il Grande,1823年)
《一个陷人困境的家庭教师》 (L'ajo nell'imbarazzo,1824年)
《利物浦的艾米莉》 (Emilia di Liverpool,1824年)
《阿拉霍尔在格拉那达》 (Alahor in Granata,1826年)
《艾维达》 (Elvida,1826年)
《维尔吉的加布里埃拉》 (Gabriella di Vergy,1826年)
《奥利弗和帕斯夸莱》 (Olivo e Pasquale,1827年)
《罗马逃逸记》 (L'esule di Roma,1828年)
《高康达王后阿林那》 (Alina,regina di Golconda,1828年)
《加莱城的吉安尼》 (Gianni di Calais,1828年)
《肯尼华特城堡》 (Il castello di Kenilworth,1829年)
《大洪水》 (Il diluvio universale,1830年)
《林勃塔兹的伊美尔达》 (Imelda de' Lambertazzi,1830年)
《安娜·博林娜》(Anna Bolena,1830年)
《爱情灵药》 (L'elisir d'amore,1832年),
《玛丽亚·斯图亚达》(Maria Stuarda,1834年)
《拉美莫尔的露契亚》 (Lucia di Lammermoor/Lucie de Lammermoor)
意大利语版首演于1835年 法语版首演于1839年
《罗伯托·德威瑞》(Roberto Devereux,1837年)
《阿尔巴公爵》 (Le duc d'Albe/Il duca d'Alba,1839年)
《联队之花》 (La fille du régiment,1840年)
《宠姬》 (La favorite,1840年)
《帕斯夸莱先生》 (Don Pasquale,1843年) |
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多尼采蒂及其侄子安德烈在巴黎夏多布里昂大道 6
号。这位意大利作曲家出生于 1797 年,逝世于 1848 年。 |
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Donizetti and his nephew
Andrea at no.6 avenue Chateaubriand, Paris. Italian composer 1797-1848 |
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歌剧演唱家朱迪塔·帕塔(1798 -
1865),在加埃托诺·多尼采蒂 1832 年创作的歌剧中饰演安娜·博伦娜。现藏于巴黎浪漫主义生活博物馆的藏品中。 |
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The opera singer Giuditta
Pasta (1798-1865), as Anna Bolena in the opera by Gaetano Donizetti,
1832. Found in the collection of the Musée de la Vie romantique,
Paris. |
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Today in Music
History:
On October 21,
1838, Donizetti rented an apartment in Paris and lived in the same
building as Adolphe Adam (the author of "Giselle"). Adam noticed that
"he had no piano when working and didn't stop writing; it was hard to
believe he was composing until you discovered that he never used any
drafts at all."
Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti (1797-1848) was born to a poor family
of non-musicians in Bergamo, Italy. When he was just nine years old, he
became a music apprentice under the German composer Johann Simon Mayr.
With the help of Mayr, Donizetti went on to study music in the famous
Lezioni Caritatevoli School in Bolonga in 1815.
Today, Donizetti is remembered as one of the three great leaders of the
opera style known as ‘bel canto’, the other two being Rossini and
Bellini. He was able to compose new pieces in a short amount of time,
including over 60 operas in Italian and French and many cantatas, string
quartets and quintets. His works were often inspired by his own life and
experiences. He rose to international fame after the success of his
opera Anna Bolena in 1830, and maintained his stardom with the operas
L’elisir d’amore (The Elixir of Love) and Lucia di Lammermoor.
At the young age of 48, Donizetti’s health began to decline. After
spending much of his professional career in Paris and Vienna, he
returned to his hometown of Bergamo, where he died among friends in
1848.
Today's video:
1. Stefano performs "A Drop of Tears" from Donizetti's opera "The
Sweetness of Love" (1955); 2. Donizetti's opera "Lucia di Lammermoor" at
the Metropolitan Opera. |
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多梅尼科·唐尼采蒂原作手稿在巴勒莫被发现
(由)贝加莫在线编辑组报道 |
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Manoscritto originale di Donizetti ritrovato a Palermo
di Redazione Bergamo online |
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这是《格拉纳达的阿拉霍》这部作品,作曲家专门为当时卡罗尼诺剧院创作了它:“这是一次极其重要的发现。” |
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Si tratta dell'opera Alahor
in Granata, che il compositore scrisse appositamente per l'allora teatro
Carolino: «Un ritrovamento importantissimo |
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一个被低估的天才唐尼采蒂——唐尼采蒂和莫扎特比较 |
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1838年10月21日这一天,唐尼采蒂租得一间巴黎公寓,和法国作曲家阿道夫
·亚当(芭蕾舞剧《吉塞尔》的作者)住在同一幢楼里,亚当注意到“他工作时没有钢琴,写作时也不停;你难以相信他正在作曲,直到发现他完全不用草稿”。
通过上面的描述,我敏锐地发现,
唐尼采蒂一生之所以能创作出70多部歌剧,确实也是相当有天才的,但一直我们对他没有投入足够的注意力。这让我们不得不想到历史上伟大的神童莫扎特。既然唐尼采蒂
如此有惊人的创作天才,我们将他与莫扎特类比也非常恰当,他们共享着一些令人惊叹的特质。
阿道夫·亚当的这段话,完美地为我们揭示了唐尼采蒂作为一个“音乐快手”和“内在音乐宇宙极其发达”的作曲家形象。我们可以从几个层面来理解他完全是被
莫扎特式的天才:
1. 惊人的创作速度与“内心听觉”
您提到他工作没有钢琴、写作不停、不用草稿,这恰恰是顶尖天才的特征:内在的乐器:
不像许多作曲家需要靠在钢琴上摸索和弦来激发灵感,唐尼采蒂的头脑中自带了一个完整的“内心管弦乐团”。他可以直接“听到”复杂的和声、交织的旋律和配器效果,并直接将它们转化为乐谱。这是一种极其罕见的能力,贝多芬晚年失聪后也能做到,但唐尼采蒂是在全盛时期就以此为主要创作方式。
· 流水线般的创作:
记载说他可以一边与人聊天、打牌,一边创作歌剧。他常常是先一口气写完所有声乐的旋律线,然后再回头为它们添上和声与配器,效率高得惊人。他的作品总量超过70部歌剧,以及大量其他体裁的音乐,其速度与莫扎特确有相似之处。
2. 他为何不像莫扎特那样被“神化”?
既然他如此天才,为什么在今天的大众认知中,他的地位似乎略低于莫扎特呢?原因在于“天才”的定义不同,以及后世评价标准的演变。
莫扎特在全方位的革新者与深度并存,广度与深度:莫扎特在歌剧、交响乐、协奏曲、室内乐等所有主要领域都达到了巅峰,并且不断推动音乐语言的发展。
结构的完美与情感的无限微妙: 他的音乐在形式结构上近乎完美,同时蕴含着极其复杂和深刻的人类情感。人们觉得他的音乐中“什么都说了”。
唐尼采蒂:特定领域的“旋律之王”,专注歌剧: 他的才华几乎全部倾注在歌剧领域。旋律驱动,服务剧场:
他的首要目标是写出优美动人、戏剧效果爆棚的音乐。他的天才体现在能像泉涌般创造出无穷无尽的旋律,并精准地为戏剧场面和歌手炫技服务。但在音乐结构的复杂性和和声的创新性上,他更多地是继承和精炼了美声学派的传统,而非像后来的威尔第或瓦格纳那样进行革命性的颠覆。“快”的代价: 有时,为了赶稿(当时歌剧创作就像今天的影视工业),他的部分作品可能存在一些公式化的段落或不够精细的配器,这偶尔会引来批评。
应该说,唐尼采蒂虽然没有被“埋没”,他是被“低估”的天才,
用一句话总结:唐尼采蒂是歌剧领域里不折不扣的莫扎特式天才,尤其是在旋律创作和戏剧直觉上。
他并没有被真正埋没——他的核心作品两百年来从未离开过舞台,就是最好的证明。但是,在更广阔的音乐史万神殿中,他通常不被置于与莫扎特并列的最顶层,而是被视为连接古典主义与威尔第时代的关键桥梁,是美声歌剧学派最辉煌的代表之一。
可以这样比喻:莫扎特是那位门门功课满分,还能发明新定理的学神。唐尼采蒂是语文(歌剧)科目的超级天才,下笔成章,文采斐然,产量和质量都极高,但在数学(交响乐)和物理(室内乐)等其他科目上着墨不多。
所以,当阿道夫·亚当惊叹于他不用钢琴、不打草稿的创作方式时,他正是在向我们揭示一位特定领域的绝世天才的工作现场。我们不必为他没有成为另一个莫扎特而感到遗憾,更应该庆幸音乐史上有这样一位才华横溢、旋律永不枯竭的“歌剧之仙”。——莫扎特之旅 |
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《殉道者》——《多尼采蒂作品〈殉道者〉/〈波利乌托〉首演海报》的复制品(该作品的早期版本,配有法文注释,于 1840 年 4 月 10
日在巴黎歌剧院以《殉道者》之名首次上演) 意大利作曲家:1797 年 11 月 29 日 - 1848 年 4 月 8 日。 |
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'Les Martyrs' - facsimile of
the poster of the first performance of Donizetti 's 'Les Martyrs'/
'Poliuto', (early version of the work with a French text produced at the
Paris Opéra under the title Les Martyrs on 10 April 1840) Italian
composer: 29 November 1797 - 8 April 1848. |
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An underrated
genius, Donizetti - A comparison between Donizetti and Mozart |
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On October 21,
1838, Donizetti rented an apartment in Paris and lived in the same
building as the French composer Adolphe Adam (the author of the ballet
"Giselle"). Adam noticed that "when he was working, there was no piano;
he didn't stop writing; you couldn't believe he was composing until you
discovered that he didn't use any drafts at all." Through the above
description, I keenly noticed that Donizetti was indeed a very talented
person who could create over 70 operas throughout his life, but we had
never given him enough attention. This made us think of the great
prodigy Mozart. Since Donizetti had such an astonishing creative talent,
it was very appropriate to compare him to Mozart, as they shared some
astonishing traits. Adolphe Adam's words perfectly reveal Donizetti's
image as a "music quick-witted" and "an extremely developed inner
musical universe" composer. We can understand him from several levels as
being completely possessed by Mozartian genius: 1. Astonishing creative
speed and "inner hearing" You mentioned that he worked without a piano,
wrote continuously, and didn't use drafts, which are precisely the
characteristics of a top genius: an inner instrument: Unlike many
composers who need to explore chords on the piano to inspire their
creativity, Donizetti's mind had a complete "inner orchestra" within. He
could directly "hear" complex harmonies, interwoven melodies, and
orchestration effects and convert them into sheet music. This is an
extremely rare ability. Even Beethoven, who lost his hearing in his
later years, could do this, but Donizetti used this as his main creative
method during his prime. · Streamlined creation: It is said that he
could create operas while chatting with people or playing cards. He
often wrote all the vocal melody lines at once and then added harmonies
and orchestrations later, with an astonishingly high efficiency. His
total output of over 70 operas, as well as a large amount of music in
other genres, has similarities with Mozart's speed. 2. Why wasn't he
"deified" like Mozart? Since he was so talented, why is his status in
today's popular perception slightly lower than Mozart's? The reason lies
in the different definitions of "genius" and the evolution of later
evaluation standards. Mozart was an all-round innovator and had depth:
Mozart reached the peak in all major fields such as operas, symphonies,
concertos, and chamber music, and constantly advanced the development of
musical language. Perfect structure and infinitely subtle emotions: His
music is nearly perfect in form structure and contains extremely complex
and profound human emotions. People feel that his music "says
everything". Donizetti: The "King of Melodies" in a specific field,
dedicated to operas: His talent was almost entirely devoted to the opera
field. Melody-driven, serving the theater: His primary goal was to
create beautiful and dramatic music with explosive effects. His genius
was manifested in being able to create an endless stream of melodies and
precisely serving the dramatic scenes and the virtuosity of the singers.
However, in terms of the complexity of musical structure and the
innovation of harmony, he was more an inheritor and refinement of the
tradition of bel canto rather than a revolutionary disruption like later
Verdi or Wagner. "The cost of being fast": Sometimes, to meet deadlines
(as in today's film and television industry), some of his works may have
some formulaic sections or less refined orchestrations, which
occasionally attracts criticism. Donizetti was not "buried", but was an
"underestimated" genius. In a word: Donizetti is a definite Mozartian
genius in the opera field, especially in melody creation and dramatic
intuition. He was not truly wasted – his core works have remained on the
stage for two hundred years, which is the best proof of this. However,
in the broader pantheon of musical history, he is usually not placed at
the top level alongside Mozart, but is regarded as a key bridge
connecting the Classical era with the Verdi era, and is one of the most
brilliant representatives of the bel canto opera school. One can make
such a comparison: Mozart was the studious genius who got full marks in
all subjects and could even invent new theorems. Donizetti was a super
genius in the field of language (opera), able to write articles
effortlessly, with brilliant literary style and extremely high output
and quality, but he didn't devote much attention to other subjects such
as mathematics (symphony) and physics (chamber music). Therefore, when
Adolf Adam was amazed by his creative method without using a piano or
making drafts, he was precisely revealing the working scene of a unique
genius in a specific field. We should not feel sorry for him not
becoming another Mozart, but rather should be grateful that there is
such a talented and inexhaustible melody "Opera Fairy" in the history of
music. -- The Mozart Journey |
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《在戈塔诺·多尼采蒂诞辰两百周年之际的研究》(1797 -
1997)
《贝戈穆姆的专题论文集》
贝加莫市公共图书馆的《安杰洛·马伊》期刊
第 92 卷 - 1997 年 - 第 1 期(1 月 - 3 月)
附有瓦莱里亚诺·萨奇耶罗的论文摘要——通过小提琴家阿尔弗雷多·皮蒂对多尼采蒂主题的演绎(24 个音乐例证) |
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Studi su Gaetano Donizetti
nel Bicentenario della nascita (1797 – 1997)
Numero monografico di Bergomum
Bollettino della Civica Biblioteca Angelo Mai di Bergamo
Anno XCII – 1997 – n. 1 ( gennaio – marzo )
Con appendice al saggio di Valeriano Sacchiero – Elaborazioni di temi
donizettiani attraverso il violincellista Alfredo Piatti ( 24 esempi
musicali ) |
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阿道夫·夏尔·亚当(Adolphe
Charles Adam) |
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法国作曲家 |
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阿道夫·夏尔·亚当(Adolphe Charles
Adam,1803年7月24日-1856年5月3日),法国浪漫主义时期作曲家、音乐评论家,出生于巴黎。其父让·路易·亚当为巴黎音乐学院钢琴教授。代表作品包括芭蕾舞剧《吉赛尔》、歌剧《隆瑞莫的马车夫》《我若为王》及圣诞颂歌《圣善夜》。
亚当自幼随父学习钢琴,1817年入巴黎音乐学院学习管风琴与对位法,1821年起师从布瓦尔迪厄专攻作曲。1825年获罗马大奖赛大奖,1829年以歌剧《皮埃尔和卡特琳》首获成功
。1840年代因投资创建国家剧院陷入债务危机,1849年受聘为巴黎音乐学院教授。创作涵盖《吉赛尔》等14部芭蕾舞剧
。1856年5月3日逝于巴黎,自传于1860年出版 |
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Adolphe Charles
Adam was a French composer and music critic during the Romantic period.
Born on July 24, 1803, in Paris, his father, Jean-Louis Adam, was a
piano professor at the Paris Conservatory. Adam's representative works
include the ballet "Giselle", the operas "The Coachman of Longrem" and
"If I Were the King", and the Christmas carol "Holy Night". Adam began
learning the piano from his father at an early age. In 1817, he entered
the Paris Conservatory to study organ and counterpoint. From 1821, he
studied composition under Bouvardieu. In 1825, he won the Grand Prize at
the Rome Grand Prix. In 1829, he achieved success with the opera "Pierre
and Catherine". In the 1840s, due to investing in the establishment of
the National Theatre, he fell into a debt crisis. In 1849, he was
appointed as a professor at the Paris Conservatory. His compositions
included 14 ballets such as "Giselle". On May 3, 1856, he died in Paris.
His autobiography was published in 1860. |
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唐尼采蒂,加埃托诺 -
《多尼采蒂百年纪念杂志》1897年版 |
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Donizetti, Gaetano -
Donizetti Centennial Magazine 1897 |
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唐尼采蒂,加埃托诺 -
《多尼采蒂百年纪念杂志》1897年版 |
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Donizetti, Gaetano -
Donizetti Centennial Magazine 1897 |
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唐尼采蒂,加埃托诺 -
《多尼采蒂百年纪念杂志》1897年版 |
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Donizetti, Gaetano -
Donizetti Centennial Magazine 1897 |
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长杂志纪念唐尼采蒂诞辰特刊,于 1897
年出版,平装本,56 页,包含文章、照片及关于他生平和职业生涯的信息。尺寸为 10.4 x 14.6 英寸,封面有轻微破损,但整体状况极佳。 |
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Long Magazin commemorative of
Donizetti's birth, issued in 1897, soft covers, 56 pages with articles,
photos and information on his life and career. Size is 10.4 x 14.6
inches, minor damage on cover, otherwise in excellent condition. |
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贝加莫,意大利。加埃托诺·多尼采蒂剧院 |
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Bergamo, Italien. Gaetano
Donizetti Theater |
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作曲家加埃托诺·多尼泽蒂的大理石墓碑,由文森佐·韦拉于
19 世纪制作,位于罗马式风格的圣玛丽亚玛吉奥雷大教堂内(圣玛利亚大教堂) |
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Marmorgrab des Komponisten
Gaetano Donizetti von Vincenzo Vela aus dem 19. Jahrhundert in
lombardischer romanischer Basilika di Santa Maria Maggiore (Basilika St. |
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唐尼采蒂家乡为他办起来的博物馆 |
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【多尼采蒂】拉美莫尔的露琪亚 大都会歌剧院直播
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Met Opera Live in HD: Lucia di
Lammermoor |
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未得原作者编者授权严禁转载www.mt77.com任何内容 |
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