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莫扎特之旅－文化交流－音乐历史上的今天


	田润德编译文/图 2020-01-10 16:36

伊格纳西·帕德雷夫斯基（Ignacy Jan Paderewski，1860－1941）

The Romantic Piano Concerto (Hyperion) Ignacy Jan Paderewski - Piano

Concerto in A minor, Op 17（1888） I. Allegro（快板）

II. Romanza: Andante（浪漫曲，行板）

III. Allegro molto vivace（非常活泼的快板）
BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra Conductor:

Jerzy Maksymiuk Leader: Geoffrey Trabichoff Piano: Piers Lane Recorded

in City Hall, Glasgow, on 3, 4 June 1991. Hyperion Records, CDA66452

音乐历史上的今天

1919年1月17日帕德雷夫斯基被任命为波兰第一任总理。

1919年58岁的钢琴家、作曲家、爱国者伊格纳西·扬·帕德雷夫斯基( Ignacy Jan Paderewski)被任命为波兰独立后的第一任总理。同年，帕德雷夫斯基辞职，并在海外度过余生。

伊格纳西·帕德雷夫斯基（Ignacy Jan Paderewski，1860－1941）波兰钢琴家、作曲家、政治家、外交家，是19世纪末20世纪初杰出的世界级钢琴大师之一，1919年曾出任波兰总理，并兼任外交部长。

1860年11月18日生于波兰帕多利亚的库里洛夫卡，三十岁时就已成为世界最著名的钢琴大师了。后来他抛弃了钢琴，第一次世界大战后，在凡尔赛代表他亲爱的祖国签订条约。他是波兰第一任总理，把波兰变为一个自由的国家。但在他的晚年，帕德雷夫斯基再次目睹了祖国受到外国侵略者的蹂躏。

他投身革命并非偶然。他天生具有这种个性，他的母亲是维尔纳大学诺维克教授的女儿，诺维克教授十分爱国，充满了使波兰获得自由的梦想，因此被流放到西伯利亚。帕德雷夫斯基三岁时，就曾经历过一次失败的保卫袒国自由的惨状。他失去了母亲，村庄被烧成平地，许多村民被屠杀，而他父亲却是幸存者之一，被哥萨克人关进监狱。在那些日子里，他父亲在监狱里受了许多苦，而帕德雷夫斯基则由他姊姊照料，姊姊只比他大两岁。

从幼年时代起，在帕德雷夫斯基心目中，音乐是他最迫切需要的东西。五岁时他完全被父亲房间里一架古老的风琴吸引住了。他自己经常说： “在我的音乐演出中，没有象这第一次尝试那样使我喜悦的了”。七岁时，随一位提琴教师正式学习音乐，他的老师对钢琴懂得很少，但他把注意力集中在读谱和音乐基础知识方面。十三岁时，帕德雷夫斯基去华沙向雅诺莎和罗古斯基学习。四年后，十七岁时，获得了钢琴演奏一等奖，并在音乐学院担任讲师的职位。
为了寻求更多的知识，他来到了柏林随弗雷德里克·基尔学习作曲，从那里又到维也纳，向许多著名钢琴家的老师西奥多·莱斯切蒂斯基学了两年钢琴。1887年帕德雷夫斯基在维也纳以音乐会钢琴家的身份作了首次公演，哄动了全城。在巴黎与拉蒙诺管弦乐队的联合演出，后来整个欧洲的演出都特别成功。1890年帕德雷夫斯基的演出象暴风雨般震惊了伦敦；l891年来到美国，在那辽阔的土地上，受到了音乐爱好者们的热烈欢迎。从那时起直到1941年6月29日在纽约逝世，他作为一个钢琴家的声誉增长到奇迹般的程度。
帕德雷夫斯基的演奏有深刻和温柔的感情，他强调音乐的诗意、浪漫、神秘和奇妙，有美丽的线条和动人的句法，声音讲究，色彩丰富。

但钢琴家帕德雷夫斯基生活在一个十分强调个性的时期，音乐方面自我放纵的时期，演奏家是至高无上的。1910年以后，他的艺术逐渐衰退，他的演奏风格变得矫揉造作和怪僻，他的古怪习气破坏了他对音乐的解释，其中最突出的是，两手不在一起弹，但是，从他的许多录音和唱片中，仍可听到他演奏中的诗意和纯粹的美。

帕德雷夫斯基是一位伟大的爱国者，在两次世界大战中，他几乎把他的全部财产都献给了他的祖国波兰。第一次大战后，他代表波兰在凡尔赛和平会议上签字，并光荣的成为波兰的首任总理。1939年，纳粹德国侵入波兰，他再次投身政治活动，为其祖国奔走呼号。直至1941年于美国去世。罗斯福总统曾为他举行特殊的葬礼，并将他安葬于阿灵顿国家公墓。

Today in music history
On January 17, 1919, paderewski was appointed Poland's first prime minister
In 1919 Ignacy Jan Paderewski, a 58-year-old pianist, composer and patriot, was appointed Poland's first independent prime minister.That same year, paderewski resigned and spent the rest of his life abroad.
Ignacy Jan Paderewski (1860 -- 1941) was a polish pianist, composer, statesman and diplomat. He was one of the world's greatest pianists of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Born in padoria, Poland, on November 18, 1860, kurilovka became the world's most famous piano master at the age of 30.Later he abandoned the piano and signed a treaty at Versailles on behalf of his beloved country after world war I.He was Poland's first prime minister and turned Poland into a free country.But in his later years, paderewski once again saw his country ravaged by foreign invaders.
His involvement in the revolution was no accident.He was born with this personality. His mother was the daughter of professor novick of the university of Werner.When he was three years old, paderewski experienced a disastrous attempt to defend the country's freedom.He lost his mother, the village was burned to the ground, and many of the villagers were massacred, while his father, one of the survivors, was imprisoned by the cossacks.In those days, his father suffered a lot in prison, and paderewski was cared for by his sister, who was only two years older than him.
From childhood, music was paderewski's greatest need.At the age of five he was completely captivated by an old organ in his father's room.He himself often said, "nothing in my musical performance has pleased me so much as this first attempt."When he was seven years old, he began to learn music with a violin teacher. His teacher knew little about the piano, but he concentrated on reading music notation and basic knowledge of music.At the age of 13, paderewski went to Warsaw to learn from janossa and rokusky.Four years later, when he was seventeen, he won the first prize in piano performance and became a lecturer in the conservatory of music.
Seeking more knowledge, he came to Berlin to study composition with Frederick gere, and from there to Vienna, where he learned the piano for two years from theodor leschetsky, the teacher of many famous pianists.In 1887, paderewski made his debut in Vienna as a concert pianist, stirring the city.A joint performance with the ramonno orchestra in Paris and later throughout Europe were particularly successful.Paderewski's performance in 1890 shocked London like a storm;L891 came to the United States, in that vast land, by the music lovers warmly welcome.From then until his death in New York on June 29, 1941, his reputation as a pianist grew to miraculous proportions.
Paderewski's playing has deep and tender feelings, he emphasizes the poetic, romantic, mysterious and wonderful music, beautiful lines and moving syntax, sound exquisite, rich in color.
But the pianist paderewski lived in a period of great emphasis on individuality, a period of musical self-indulgence in which the performer was Paramount.After 1910, as his art declined, his playing style became manic and eccentric, and his eccentricities undermined his interpretation of music. Most notably, his hands were not playing together, but the poetry and sheer beauty of his playing could still be heard in many of his recordings and records.
Paderewski was a great patriot who gave almost all of his fortune to his native Poland during the two world wars.After the first world war, he signed for Poland at the Versailles peace conference and became Poland's first prime minister.When Nazi Germany invaded Poland in 1939, he became politically active again, campaigning for his country.Until his death in the United States in 1941.President Roosevelt gave him a special funeral and laid him to rest at Arlington national cemetery.
　

帕德雷夫斯在演讲

伊格纳西·帕德雷夫斯基降B大调夜曲 Miscellanea丨Nelson Freire

Nelson Freire joue le Nocturne en si bémol majeur extrait de Miscellanea, op.16, d'Ignacy Jan Paderewski. Pièce donnée en bis du cocnert du 26 avril 2019 à la Philharmonie de Paris.

帕德雷夫斯基《G大调小步舞曲》1937

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